mysql Options

mysql supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or in the [mysql] and [client] groups of an option file. mysql also supports the options for processing option files described at , "Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling".

Table 4.2. MariaDB Options

Format	Option File	Description	Introduction
--auto-rehash	auto-rehash	Enable automatic rehashing
--auto-vertical-output	auto-vertical-output	Enable automatic vertical result set display
--batch	batch	Don't use history file
--binary-mode	binary-mode	Disable \r\n - to - \n translation and treatment of \0 as end-of-query
--bind-address=ip_address	bind-address	Use the specified network interface to connect to the MariaDB Server
--character-sets-dir=path	character-sets-dir	Set the default character set
--column-names	column-names	Write column names in results
--column-type-info	column-type-info	Display result set metadata
--comments	comments	Whether to retain or strip comments in statements sent to the server
--compress	compress	Compress all information sent between the client and the server
--connect_timeout=value	connect_timeout	The number of seconds before connection timeout
--database=dbname	database	The database to use
--debug[=debug_options]	debug	Write a debugging log
--debug-check	debug-check	Print debugging information when the program exits
--debug-info	debug-info	Print debugging information, memory and CPU statistics when the program exits
--default-auth=plugin	default-auth=plugin	The authentication plugin to use
--default-character-set=charset_name	default-character-set	Use charset_name as the default character set
--delimiter=str	delimiter	Set the statement delimiter
--execute=statement	execute	Execute the statement and quit
--force	force	Continue even if an SQL error occurs
--help		Display help message and exit
--host=host_name	host	Connect to the MariaDB server on the given host
--html	html	Produce HTML output
--ignore-spaces	ignore-spaces	Ignore spaces after function names
--init-command=str	init-command	SQL statement to execute after connecting
--line-numbers	line-numbers	Write line numbers for errors
--local-infile[={0\|1}]	local-infile	Enable or disable for LOCAL capability for LOAD DATA INFILE
--max_allowed_packet=value	max_allowed_packet	The maximum packet length to send to or receive from the server
--max_join_size=value	max_join_size	The automatic limit for rows in a join when using --safe-updates
--named-commands	named-commands	Enable named mysql commands
--net_buffer_length=value	net_buffer_length	The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication
--no-auto-rehash		Disable automatic rehashing
--no-beep	no-beep	Do not beep when errors occur
--one-database	one-database	Ignore statements except those for the default database named on the command line
--pager[=command]	pager	Use the given command for paging query output
--password[=password]	password	The password to use when connecting to the server
--plugin-dir=path	plugin-dir=path	The directory where plugins are located
--port=port_num	port	The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection
--prompt=format_str	prompt	Set the prompt to the specified format
--protocol=type	protocol	The connection protocol to use
--quick	quick	Do not cache each query result
--raw	raw	Write column values without escape conversion
--reconnect	reconnect	If the connection to the server is lost, automatically try to reconnect
--safe-updates	safe-updates	Allow only UPDATE and DELETE statements that specify key values
--secure-auth	secure-auth	Do not send passwords to the server in old (pre-4.1.1) format
--select_limit=value	select_limit	The automatic limit for SELECT statements when using --safe-updates
--show-warnings	show-warnings	Show warnings after each statement if there are any
--sigint-ignore	sigint-ignore	Ignore SIGINT signals (typically the result of typing Control+C)
--silent	silent	Silent mode
--skip-auto-rehash	skip-auto-rehash	Disable automatic rehashing
--skip-column-names	skip-column-names	Do not write column names in results
--skip-line-numbers	skip-line-numbers	Skip line numbers for errors
--skip-named-commands	skip-named-commands	Disable named mysql commands
--skip-pager	skip-pager	Disable paging
--skip-reconnect	skip-reconnect	Disable reconnecting
--socket=path	socket	For connections to localhost
--ssl-ca=file_name	ssl-ca	The path to a file that contains a list of trusted SSL CAs
--ssl-capath=dir_name	ssl-capath	The path to a directory that contains trusted SSL CA certificates in PEM format
--ssl-cert=file_name	ssl-cert	The name of the SSL certificate file to use for establishing a secure connection
--ssl-cipher=cipher_list	ssl-cipher	A list of allowable ciphers to use for SSL encryption
--ssl-crl=file_name	ssl-crl	The path to a file that contains certificate revocation lists	5.6.3
--ssl-crlpath=dir_name	ssl-crlpath	The path to a directory that contains certificate revocation list files	5.6.3
--ssl-key=file_name	ssl-key	The name of the SSL key file to use for establishing a secure connection
--ssl-verify-server-cert	ssl-verify-server-cert	The server's Common Name value in its certificate is verified against the host name used when connecting to the server
--table	table	Display output in tabular format
--tee=file_name	tee	Append a copy of output to the given file
--unbuffered	unbuffered	Flush the buffer after each query
--user=user_name	user	The MariaDB user name to use when connecting to the server
--verbose		Verbose mode
--version		Display version information and exit
--vertical	vertical	Print query output rows vertically (one line per column value)
--wait	wait	If the connection cannot be established, wait and retry instead of aborting
--xml	xml	Produce XML output

--help, -?
Display a help message and exit.
--auto-rehash
Enable automatic rehashing. This option is on by default, which enables database, table, and column name completion. Use --disable-auto-rehash to disable rehashing. That causes mysql to start faster, but you must issue the rehash command if you want to use name completion.
To complete a name, enter the first part and press Tab. If the name is unambiguous, mysql completes it. Otherwise, you can press Tab again to see the possible names that begin with what you have typed so far. Completion does not occur if there is no default database.
--auto-vertical-output
Cause result sets to be displayed vertically if they are too wide for the current window, and using normal tabular format otherwise. (This applies to statements terminated by ; or \G.)
--batch, -B
Print results using tab as the column separator, with each row on a new line. With this option, mysql does not use the history file.
Batch mode results in nontabular output format and escaping of special characters. Escaping may be disabled by using raw mode; see the description for the --raw option.
--binary-mode
This option helps when processing mysqlbinlog output that may contain BLOB values. By default, mysql translates \r\n in statement strings to \n and interprets \0 as the statement terminator. --binary-mode disables both features. It also disables all mysql commands except charset and delimiter in non-interactive mode (for input piped to mysql or loaded using the source command).
This option was added in MariaDB 5.6.3.
--bind-address=ip_address
On a computer having multiple network interfaces, this option can be used to select which interface is employed when connecting to the MariaDB server.
This option is supported beginning with MariaDB 5.6.1.
--character-sets-dir=path
The directory where character sets are installed. See , "Character Set Configuration".
--column-names
Write column names in results.
--column-type-info, -m
Display result set metadata.
--comments, -c
Whether to preserve comments in statements sent to the server. The default is --skip-comments (discard comments), enable with --comments (preserve comments).
--compress, -C
Compress all information sent between the client and the server if both support compression.
--database=db_name, -D db_name
The database to use. This is useful primarily in an option file.
--debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]
Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is 'd:t:o,file_name'. The default is 'd:t:o,/tmp/mysql.trace'.
--debug-check
Print some debugging information when the program exits.
--debug-info, -T
Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program exits.
--default-auth=plugin
The client-side authentication plugin to use. See , "Pluggable Authentication".
--default-character-set=charset_name
Use charset_name as the default character set for the client and connection.
A common issue that can occur when the operating system uses utf8 or another multi-byte character set is that output from the mysql client is formatted incorrectly, due to the fact that the MariaDB client uses the latin1 character set by default. You can usually fix such issues by using this option to force the client to use the system character set instead.
See , "Character Set Configuration", for more information.
--delimiter=str
Set the statement delimiter. The default is the semicolon character (";").
--disable-named-commands
Disable named commands. Use the \* form only, or use named commands only at the beginning of a line ending with a semicolon (";"). mysql starts with this option enabled by default. However, even with this option, long-format commands still work from the first line. See , "mysql Commands".
--execute=statement, -e statement
Execute the statement and quit. The default output format is like that produced with --batch. See , "Using Options on the Command Line", for some examples. With this option, mysql does not use the history file.
--force, -f
Continue even if an SQL error occurs.
--host=host_name, -h host_name
Connect to the MariaDB server on the given host.
--html, -H
Produce HTML output.
--ignore-spaces, -i
Ignore spaces after function names. The effect of this is described in the discussion for the IGNORE_SPACE SQL mode (see , "Server SQL Modes").
--init-command=str
SQL statement to execute after connecting to the server. If auto-reconnect is enabled, the statement is executed again after reconnection occurs.
--line-numbers
Write line numbers for errors. Disable this with --skip-line-numbers.
--local-infile[={0|1}]
Enable or disable LOCAL capability for LOAD DATA INFILE. With no value, the option enables LOCAL. The option may be given as --local-infile=0 or --local-infile=1 to explicitly disable or enable LOCAL. Enabling LOCAL has no effect if the server does not also support it.
--named-commands, -G
Enable named mysql commands. Long-format commands are permitted, not just short-format commands. For example, quit and \q both are recognized. Use --skip-named-commands to disable named commands. See , "mysql Commands".
--no-auto-rehash, -A
This has the same effect as -skip-auto-rehash. See the description for --auto-rehash.
--no-beep, -b
Do not beep when errors occur.
--one-database, -o
Ignore statements except those that occur while the default database is the one named on the command line. This option is rudimentary and should be used with care. Statement filtering is based only on USE statements.
Initially, mysql executes statements in the input because specifying a database db_name on the command line is equivalent to inserting USE db_name at the beginning of the input. Then, for each USE statement encountered, mysql accepts or rejects following statements depending on whether the database named is the one on the command line. The content of the statements is immaterial.
Suppose that mysql is invoked to process this set of statements:
```
DELETE FROM db2.t2;
USE db2;
DROP TABLE db1.t1;
CREATE TABLE db1.t1 (i INT);
USE db1;
INSERT INTO t1 (i) VALUES(1);
CREATE TABLE db2.t1 (j INT);
```
If the command line is mysql --force --one-database db1, mysql handles the input as follows:
- The DELETE statement is executed because the default database is db1, even though the statement names a table in a different database.
- The DROP TABLE and CREATE TABLE statements are not executed because the default database is not db1, even though the statements name a table in db1.
- The INSERT and CREATE TABLE statements are executed because the default database is db1, even though the CREATE TABLE statement names a table in a different database.
--pager[=command]
Use the given command for paging query output. If the command is omitted, the default pager is the value of your PAGER environment variable. Valid pagers are less, more, cat [> filename], and so forth. This option works only on Unix and only in interactive mode. To disable paging, use --skip-pager. , "mysql Commands", discusses output paging further.
--password[=password], -p[password]
The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form (-p), you cannot have a space between the option and the password. If you omit the password value following the --password or -p option on the command line, mysql prompts for one.
Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. See , "End-User Guidelines for Password Security". You can use an option file to avoid giving the password on the command line.
--pipe, -W
On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option applies only if the server supports named-pipe connections.
--plugin-dir=path
The directory in which to look for plugins. It may be necessary to specify this option if the --default-auth option is used to specify an authentication plugin but mysql does not find it. See , "Pluggable Authentication".
--port=port_num, -P port_num
The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.
--prompt=format_str
Set the prompt to the specified format. The default is mysql>. The special sequences that the prompt can contain are described in , "mysql Commands".
--protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}
The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be used other than the one you want. For details on the permissible values, see , "Connecting to the MariaDB Server".
--quick, -q
Do not cache each query result, print each row as it is received. This may slow down the server if the output is suspended. With this option, mysql does not use the history file.
--raw, -r
For tabular output, the "boxing" around columns enables one column value to be distinguished from another. For nontabular output (such as is produced in batch mode or when the --batch or --silent option is given), special characters are escaped in the output so they can be identified easily. Newline, tab, NUL, and backslash are written as \n, \t, \0, and \\. The --raw option disables this character escaping.
The following example demonstrates tabular versus nontabular output and the use of raw mode to disable escaping:
```
% MariaDB
mysql> SELECT CHAR(92);
+----------+
| CHAR(92) |
+----------+
| \ |
+----------+
% mysql -s
mysql> SELECT CHAR(92);
CHAR(92)
\\
% mysql -s -r
mysql> SELECT CHAR(92);
CHAR(92)
\
```
--reconnect
If the connection to the server is lost, automatically try to reconnect. A single reconnect attempt is made each time the connection is lost. To suppress reconnection behavior, use --skip-reconnect.
--safe-updates, --i-am-a-dummy, -U
Permit only those UPDATE and DELETE statements that specify which rows to modify by using key values. If you have set this option in an option file, you can override it by using --safe-updates on the command line. See , "mysql Tips", for more information about this option.
--secure-auth
Do not send passwords to the server in old (pre-4.1.1) format. This prevents connections except for servers that use the newer password format.
--show-warnings
Cause warnings to be shown after each statement if there are any. This option applies to interactive and batch mode.
--sigint-ignore
Ignore SIGINT signals (typically the result of typing Control+C).
--silent, -s
Silent mode. Produce less output. This option can be given multiple times to produce less and less output.
This option results in nontabular output format and escaping of special characters. Escaping may be disabled by using raw mode; see the description for the --raw option.
--skip-column-names, -N
Do not write column names in results.
--skip-line-numbers, -L
Do not write line numbers for errors. Useful when you want to compare result files that include error messages.
--socket=path, -S path
For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.
--ssl*
Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to the server using SSL and indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. See , "SSL Command Options".
--table, -t
Display output in table format. This is the default for interactive use, but can be used to produce table output in batch mode.
--tee=file_name
Append a copy of output to the given file. This option works only in interactive mode. , "mysql Commands", discusses tee files further.
--unbuffered, -n
Flush the buffer after each query.
--user=user_name, -u user_name
The MariaDB user name to use when connecting to the server.
--verbose, -v
Verbose mode. Produce more output about what the program does. This option can be given multiple times to produce more and more output. (For example, -v -v -v produces table output format even in batch mode.)
--version, -V
Display version information and exit.
--vertical, -E
Print query output rows vertically (one line per column value). Without this option, you can specify vertical output for individual statements by terminating them with \G.
--wait, -w
If the connection cannot be established, wait and retry instead of aborting.

--xml, -X

Produce XML output.

<field name='column_name'>NULL</field>

The output when --xml is used with mysql matches that of mysqldump --xml. See , "mysqldump - A Database Backup Program" for details.

The XML output also uses an XML namespace, as shown here:

shell> mysql --xml -uroot -e 'SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version%''
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<resultset statement='SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version%'' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'>
<row>
<field name='Variable_name'>version</field>
<field name='Value'>5.0.40-debug</field>
</row>
<row>
<field name='Variable_name'>version_comment</field>
<field name='Value'>Source distribution</field>
</row>
<row>
<field name='Variable_name'>version_compile_machine</field>
<field name='Value'>i686</field>
</row>
<row>
<field name='Variable_name'>version_compile_os</field>
<field name='Value'>suse-linux-gnu</field>
</row>
</resultset>

(See Bug #25946.)

You can also set the following variables by using --var_name=value.

connect_timeout
The number of seconds before connection timeout. (Default value is 0.)
max_allowed_packet
The maximum packet length to send to or receive from the server. (Default value is 16MB.)
max_join_size
The automatic limit for rows in a join when using --safe-updates. (Default value is 1,000,000.)
net_buffer_length
The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication. (Default value is 16KB.)
select_limit
The automatic limit for SELECT statements when using --safe-updates. (Default value is 1,000.)

mysql Options

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