You use mail merge when you want to create a set of documents, such as a form letter that is sent to many customers or a sheet of address labels. Each letter or label has the same kind of information, yet the content is unique. For example, in letters to your customers, each letter can be personalized to address each customer by name. The unique information in each letter or label comes from entries in a data source.

The mail merge process entails the following overall steps:

  1. . The main document contains the text and graphics that are the same for each version of the merged document. For example, the return address or salutation in a form letter.
  2. . A data source is a file that contains the information to be merged into a document. For example, the names and addresses of the recipients of a letter.
  3. . Microsoft Office Word generates a copy of the main document for each item, or record, in your data file. If your data file is a mailing list, these items are probably recipients of your mailing. If you want to generate copies for only certain items in your data file, you can choose which items (records) to include.
  4. . When you perform the mail merge, the mail merge fields are filled with information from your data file.
  5. . You can preview each copy of the document before you print the whole set.

You use commands on the Mailings tab to perform a mail merge.

Tip You can also perform a mail merge by using the Mail Merge task pane, which leads you step by step through the process. To use the task pane, in the Start Mail Merge group on the Mailings tab, click Start Mail Merge, and then click Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard.

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Set up the main document

  1. Start Word.

    A blank document opens by default. Leave it open. If you close it, the commands in the next step are not available.

  2. On the Mailings tab, in the Start Mail Merge group, click Start Mail Merge.

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  3. Click the type of document that you want to create.

For example, you can create:

Resume a mail merge

If you need to stop working on a mail merge, you can save the main document and resume the merge later. Microsoft Office Word retains the data source and field information. If you were using the Mail Merge task pane, Word returns to your place in the task pane when you resume the merge.

  1. When you're ready to resume the merge, open the document.

    Word displays a message that asks you to confirm whether you want to open the document, which will run a SQL command.

  2. Because this document is connected to a data source and you want to retrieve the data, click Yes. If you were opening a document that you did not realize was connected to a data source, you could click No to prevent potentially malicious access to data.

    The text of the document, along with any fields that you inserted, appears.

  3. Click the Mailings tab, and resume your work.

Connect the document to a data source

To merge information into your main document, you must connect the document to a data source, or a data file. If you don't already have a data file, you can create one during the mail merge process.

Choose a data file

  1. On the Mailings tab, in the Start Mail Merge group, click Select Recipients.

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  2. Do one of the following:
    • If you want to use your Contacts list in Outlook, click Select from Outlook Contacts.

      showTips for working with Microsoft Outlook Contacts list

      Connecting to your Outlook Contacts folder is usually a straightforward process, but sometimes you may encounter a problem. Here are solutions to common problems that you may encounter:


      I can't find my Outlook Contacts folder

      You may need to turn on the Show this folder as an e-mail Address Book property in Outlook, or you may need to change your Outlook user profile.

      Turn on the Show this folder as an e-mail Address Book property

      1. In Microsoft Office Outlook, on the Go menu, click Contacts.
      2. Right-click the Contacts folder that contains the information that you want to use for a mail merge, and then click Properties.
        contact properties in outlook
      3. On the Outlook Address Book tab, make sure that the Show this folder as an e-mail Address Book check box is selected, and then click OK.

      Change your Outlook user profile

      An Outlook user profile is a group of e-mail accounts and address books. Usually, you need only one profile - but if you share your computer with other people or use different address books for different purposes, you can set up more than one profile. If, when you start your mail merge, you're using a profile that doesn't include the Contacts folder that you want to use, that folder won't be available.

      To switch to a different user profile, restart Outlook. When you're prompted for a profile, choose the profile that includes the Contacts folder that you want to use in the mail merge.

      If you aren't prompted for a profile and you know that you have more than one, you may want to set up Outlook so that it prompts you. To do this:

      1. Close Outlook.
      2. In Control Panel, switch to Classic View, and then click Mail.
      3. Click Show Profiles.
      4. To be prompted to select a profile each time you start Outlook, click Prompt for a profile to be used, and then click OK.

      I get error messages about mail clients and tables

      If you try to connect to your Contacts folder during a mail merge in Word, and Outlook is not set up as your default e-mail program in Windows Internet Explorer, you will get an error message that says:

      "Either there is no default mail client or the current mail client cannot fulfill the messaging request. Please run Microsoft Office Outlook, and set it as the default mail client."

      To avoid getting this message during a mail merge, do the following:

      1. Exit Word.
      2. On the Internet Explorer Tools menu, click Internet Options, and then click the Programs tab.
      3. Under E-mail, click Microsoft Office Outlook, and then click OK.

      Start Word again, open your mail merge document, and connect to your Outlook Contacts folder.

      I can't connect to an Outlook Contacts folder in Public Folders

      If you start a mail merge in Word and try to connect to an Outlook Contacts folder in Public Folders, you get an error message that says:

      "The operation cannot be completed because of dialog or database engine failures. Please try again later."

      If you try again later, you get the same error message.

      To use a Public Folders Contacts folder as the data file for your mail merge, you have to start the mail merge from within Outlook.

      I want to use my Outlook Express address book as my Contacts folder

      You can't connect to this type of address book directly during a merge. Instead, export your Outlook Express address book as a .csv text file and then connect to it in that form.

      Export your Outlook Express address book:

      1. Start Microsoft Outlook Express.
      2. On the File menu, point to Export, and then click Address Book.
      3. In the Address Book Export Tool dialog box, click Text File (Comma Separated Values), and then click Export.
      4. In the Save exported file as box, type a file name for your exported file, and then click Browse.
      5. In the Save As dialog box, in the Save in list, choose where you want to save the file, and then click Save. It's handy to save data files in the My Data Sources folder in your My Documents folder. That's where Word looks first for data files when you browse for them during a merge.
      6. Click Next. Select the check boxes next to the fields that you want to export, and then click Finish.

        Note When you are deciding which fields to export, think about the form letters or e-mail messages or labels that you intend to create with mail merge. For example, if you never include nicknames or personal Web sites in your merged documents, don't export those fields.

      7. When you receive the message that the export procedure is completed, click OK.
      8. To close the Address Book Export Tool dialog box, click Close, and then exit Outlook Express.

      When you're back in Word performing your mail merge and you come to the step where you connect to a data file, click the Use an existing list option, and browse to locate the .csv file that you just exported. Before the file opens, you may be asked to select which separator character will separate one column from another in your address list. Click Comma, and then click OK.

    • If you have a Microsoft Office Excel worksheet, a Microsoft Office Access database, or another type of data file, click Use Existing List, and then locate the file in the Select Data Source dialog box.

      For Excel, you can select data from any worksheet or named range within a workbook. For Access, you can select data from any table or query that is defined in the database. For another type of data file, select the file in the Select Data Source dialog box. If the file is not listed, select the appropriate file type or select All Files in the Files of type box. In a mail merge, you can use the following types of data files:

      • Files from single-tier, file-based database programs for which you have installed an OLE DB provider or ODBC driver (a number of which are included with Microsoft Office).
      • An HTML file that has a single table. The first row of the table must contain column names, and the other rows must contain data.
      • Electronic address books:
        • Microsoft Outlook Address Book
        • Microsoft Schedule+ 7.0 Contact List
        • Any similar address lists that were created with a MAPI -compatible messaging system, such as Microsoft Outlook.
      • A Microsoft Word document. The document should contain a single table. The first row of the table must contain headings, and the other rows must contain the records that you want to merge. You can also use a header source as a data source.
      • Any text file that has data fields separated (or delimited) by tab characters or commas and data records separated by paragraph marks.

      showTips for formatting data in Excel

      If your data file is an Excel worksheet that includes percentages, currency values, or postal codes, you can preserve the numeric formatting of the data by using Dynamic Data Exchange to connect to the Excel worksheet from Word. For example, you can make sure a five-digit postal code of 07865 from your data file is not displayed as the number 7865 (without the leading zero).

      Before you connect to the worksheet, do the following in Word:

      1. Click the Microsoft Office Button button image, and then click Word Options.
      2. Click Advanced.
      3. Scroll to the General section, and select the Confirm file format conversion on open check box.
      4. Click OK.
      5. With the mail merge main document open, in the Start Mail Merge group of the Mailings tab, click Select Recipients, and then click Use Existing List.
      6. Locate the Excel worksheet in the Select Data Source dialog box, and double-click it.
      7. In the Confirm Data Source dialog box, click MS Excel Worksheets via DDE (*.xls), and then click OK.

        Note If you don't see MS Excel Worksheets via DDE (*.xls), select the Show all check box.

      8. In the Microsoft Office Excel dialog box, for Named or cell range, select the cell range or worksheet that contains the information that you want to merge, and then click OK.

        Note To prevent being prompted every time you open a data file, you can turn off the Confirm conversion at Open option after you have connected to the worksheet.

    • If you don't have a data file yet, click Type a new list, and then use the form that opens to create your list. The list is saved as a database (.mdb) file that you can reuse.

Note If you installed Microsoft Office system (instead of installing Microsoft Word by itself), you can also use Microsoft Query to construct a query and retrieve the data you want from an external data source .

Refine the list of recipients or items

When you connect to a certain data file, you might not want to merge information from all the records in that data file into your main document.

To narrow the list of recipients or use a subset of the items in your data file, do the following:

  1. On the Mailings tab, in the Start Mail Merge group, click Edit Recipient List.

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  2. In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, do any of the following:
    • Select individual records This method is most useful if your list is short. Select the check boxes next to the recipients you want to include, and clear the check boxes next to the recipients you want to exclude.

      If you know that you want to include only a few records in your merge, you can clear the check box in the header row and then select only those records that you want. Similarly, if you want to include most of the list, select the check box in the header row, and then clear the check boxes for the records that you don't want to include.

    • Sort records Click the column heading of the item that you want to sort by. The list sorts in ascending alphabetical order (from A to Z). Click the column heading again to sort the list in descending alphabetical order (Z to A).

      If you want more complex sorting, click Sort under Refine recipient list and choose your sorting preferences on the Sort Records tab of the Filter and Sort dialog box. For example, you can use this type of sorting if you want recipient addresses to be alphabetized by last name within each zip code and the zip codes listed in numerical order.

    • Filter records This is useful if the list contains records that you know you don't want to see or include in the merge. After you filter the list, you can use the check boxes to include and exclude records.

      To filter records, do the following:

      1. Under Refine recipient list, click Filter.
      2. On the Filter Records tab of the Filter and Sort dialog box, choose the criteria you want to use for the filter.

        For example, to generate copies of your main document only for addresses that list Australia as the country/region, you would click Country or Region in the Field list, Equal to in the Comparison list, and Australia in the Compare to list.

      3. To refine the filter further, click And or Or, and then specify more criteria.

        For example, to generate copies of your main document only for businesses in Munich, you would filter on records whose City field contains Munich and whose Company Name field is not blank. If you use Or instead of And in this filter, your mail merge includes all Munich addresses as well as all addresses that include a company name, regardless of city.

Note If you have installed address validation software, you can click Validate addresses in the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box to validate your recipients' addresses.

Add placeholders, called mail merge fields, to the document

After you connect your main document to a data file, you are ready to type the text of the document and add placeholders that indicate where the unique information will appear in each copy of the document.

The placeholders, such as address and greeting, are called mail merge fields. Fields in Word correspond to the column headings in the data file that you select. data file with columns (categories) and rows (records)

callout 1 Columns in a data file represent categories of information. Fields that you add to the main document are placeholders for these categories.

callout 2 Rows in a data file represent records of information. Word generates a copy of the main document for each record when you perform a mail merge.

By putting a field in your main document, you indicate that you want a certain category of information, such as name or address, to appear in that location.fields inserted into a word document

Note When you insert a mail merge field into the main document, the field name is always surrounded by chevrons (« »). These chevrons do not show up in the merged documents. They just help you distinguish the fields in the main document from the regular text.

What happens when you merge

When you merge, information from the first row in the data file replaces the fields in your main document to create the first merged document. Information from the second row in the data file replaces the fields to create the second merged document, and so on.merging information from data file into document

Working with fields: Examples

You can add any column heading from your data file to the main document as a field. This gives you flexibility when you design form letters, labels, e-mail messages, and other merged documents. For example:

You can combine fields and separate them by punctuation marks. For example, to create an address, you can set up the fields in your main document like this:

«First Name» «Last Name»

«Street Address»

«City», «State» «Postal code»

For things that you use frequently, like address blocks and greeting lines, Word provides composite fields that group a number of fields together. For example:

You can customize the content in each of these composite fields. For example, in the address, you may want to select a formal name format (Mr. Joshua Randall Jr.); in the greeting, you may want to use "To" instead of "Dear."

Map mail merge fields to your data file

To make sure that Word can find a column in your data file that corresponds to every address or greeting element, you may need to map the mail merge fields in Word to the columns in your data file.

To map the fields, click Match Fields in the Write & Insert Fields group of the Mailings tab.

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The Match Fields dialog box opens.match fields dialog box

The elements of an address and greeting are listed on the left. Column headings from your data file are listed on the right.

Word searches for the column that matches each element. In the illustration, Word automatically matched the data file's Surname column to Last Name. But Word was unable to match other elements. From this data file, for example, Word can't match First Name.

In the list on the right, you can select the column from your data file that matches the element on the left. In the illustration, the Name column now matches First Name. It's okay that Courtesy Title, Unique Identifier, and Middle Name aren't matched. Your mail merge document doesn't need to use every field. If you add a field that does not contain data from your data file, it will appear in the merged document as an empty placeholder - usually a blank line or a hidden field.match fields dialog box

Type content and add fields

  1. In the main document, click where you want to insert the field.
  2. Use the Write & Insert Fields group on the Mailings tab.

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  3. Add any of the following:

    showAddress block with name, address, and other information

    1. Click Address block.
    2. In the Insert Address Block dialog box, select the address elements that you want to include and the formats that you want, and then click OK.
    3. If the Match Fields dialog box appears, Word may have been unable to find some of the information that it needs for the address block. Click the arrow next to (not matched), and then select the field from your data source that corresponds to the field that is required for the mail merge.

    showGreeting line

    1. Click Greeting line.
    2. Select the greeting line format, which includes the salutation, name format, and following punctuation.
    3. Select the text that you want to appear in cases where Microsoft Word can't interpret the recipient's name, for example, when the data source contains no first or last name for a recipient, but only a company name.
    4. Click OK.
    5. If the Match Fields dialog box appears, Word may have been unable to find some of the information that it needs for the greeting line. Click the arrow next to (not matched), and then select the field from your data source that corresponds to the field that is required for the mail merge.

    showIndividual fieldsYou can insert information from individual fields, such as first name, telephone number, or the amount of a contribution from a list of donors. To quickly add a field from your data file to the main document, click the arrow next to Insert Merge Field, and then click the field name.

    For more options with inserting individual fields in the document, do the following:

    1. On the Mailings tab, in the Write & Insert Fields group, click Insert Merge Field.
    2. In the Insert Merge Field dialog box, do one of the following:
      • To select address fields that will automatically correspond to fields in your data source, even if the data source's fields don't have the same name as your fields, click Address Fields.
      • To select fields that always take data directly from a column in your data file, click Database Fields.
    3. In the Fields box, click the field you want.
    4. Click Insert, and then click Close.
    5. If the Match Fields dialog box appears, Microsoft Word may have been unable to find some of the information it needs to insert the field. Click the arrow next to (not matched), and then select the field from your data source that corresponds to the field that is required for the mail merge.

    Note If you insert a field from the Database Fields list and then later switch to a data source that doesn't have a column with the same name, Word won't be able to insert that field information into the merged document.

    showCustom fields from Outlook contacts

    The only way to include custom contact fields in your main document is to start the mail merge from within Outlook. First, set up a view of your contacts with the fields that you want to use in the merge. Then, start the mail merge. After you choose the settings that you want, Word will automatically open, and you can complete the merge.

    Set up a view of your contacts that includes custom fields

    1. In Outlook Contacts, on the View menu, point to Current View, and then click Phone List.
    2. Right-click a column heading, and then click Field Chooser.
    3. In the drop-down list at the top of the Field Chooser dialog box, select User-defined fields in folder.
    4. Drag the field that you to add from the dialog box to the column headings. A little red arrow helps you place the field in the location that you want.
      dragging a custom field from field chooser into a contacts folder view

      Note You can add a new field in the Field Chooser dialog box by clicking New at the bottom.

    5. After you add all of your custom fields to the view, close the Field Chooser dialog box.
    6. To remove a field that you do not want included in the mail merge, click the field name in the column heading in Phone List view, and drag it off of the column heading.

    Run mail merge from Outlook

    1. In Outlook Contacts, select individual contacts by pressing SHIFT and clicking to select a range or by pressing CTRL and clicking to select individuals. If you want to include all the contacts currently visible in the view, do not click on any contacts.
    2. On the Tools menu, click Mail Merge.
    3. If you have selected individual contacts to include in the merge, click Only selected contacts. If you want to include all the contacts currently visible in the view, click All contacts in current view.
    4. If you have configured the Phone List view so that it displays exactly the fields you want to use in the merge, click Contact fields in current view. Otherwise, click All contact fields to make all of the contact fields available in the merge.
    5. If you want to generate a new main document for the merge, click New document. Otherwise, click Existing document, and click Browse to locate the document to use as the main document.
    6. If you want to save the contacts and fields that you have selected, so that they can be reused, select the Permanent file check box, and then click Browse to save the file. The data is saved in a Word document as comma-delimited data.
    7. Select any merge options you want:
      • Form Letters Prepare a batch of letters for a mass mailing.
      • Mailing Labels Set up address labels for a mass mailing.
      • Envelopes Set up envelopes for a mass mailing.
      • Catalog Create a single document that contains a catalog or address list.
      • New Document Generate merged documents, which you can edit individually in Word.
      • Printer Send merged documents directly to the default printer.
      • E-mail Generate merged documents designed to be e-mail messages. When you are ready to complete the merge in Word, on the Mailings tab in the Finish group, click Finish & Merge, and then click Send E-mail Messages. The Subject line is filled with the text you typed in the Mail Merge Contacts dialog box in Outlook.
    8. Click OK. When the document opens in Word, on the Mailings tab, in the Write & Insert Fields group, click the arrow next to Insert Merge Field, and then click the fields that you want to add the document.

Notes:

Format merged data

Database and spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft Office Access and Microsoft Office Excel, store the information that you type in cells as raw data. Formatting that you apply in Access or Excel, such as fonts and colors, isn't stored with the raw data. When you merge information from a data file into a Word document, you are merging the raw data without the applied formatting.

To format the data in the document, select the mail merge field and format it, just as you would format any text. Make sure that the selection includes the chevrons (« ») that surround the field.

Preview and complete the merge

After you add fields to your main document, you are ready to preview the merge results. When you are satisfied with the preview, you can complete the merge.

Preview the merge

You can preview your merged documents and make changes before you actually complete the merge.

To preview, do any of the following in the Preview Results group of the Mailings tab:

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Note Click Edit Recipient List in the Start Mail Merge group on the Mailings tab to open the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, where you can filter the list or clear recipients if you see records that you don't want to include.

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Complete the merge

You can print the merged documents or modify them individually. You can print or change all or just a subset of the documents.

Print the merged documents

  1. On the Mailings tab, in the Finish group, click Finish & Merge, and then click Print Documents.

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  2. Choose whether to print the whole set of documents, only the copy that's currently visible, or a subset of the set, which you specify by record number.

Change individual copies of the document

  1. On the Mailings tab, in the Finish group, click Finish & Merge, and then click Edit Individual Documents.

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  2. Choose whether you want to edit the whole set of documents, only the copy that's currently visible, or a subset of the set, which you specify by record number. Word saves the copies that you want to edit to a single file, with a page break between each copy of the document.

Save the main document

Remember that merged documents that you save are separate from the main document. It's a good idea to save the main document itself if you plan to use it for another mail merge.

When you save the main document, you also save its connection to the data file. The next time that you open the main document, you are prompted to choose whether you want the information from the data file to be merged again into the main document.