You can use the If...Then...Else statement to run a specific statement or a block of statements, depending on the value of a condition. If...Then...Else statements can be nested to as many levels as you need. However, for readability, you may want to use a Select Case statement rather than multiple levels of nested If...Then...Else statements.

Running Statements if a Condition is True

To run only one statement when a condition is True, use the single-line syntax of the If...Then...Else statement. The following example shows the single-line syntax, omitting the Else keyword: 

Sub FixDate() myDate = #2/13/95# If myDate < Now Then myDate = Now End Sub

To run more than one line of code, you must use the multiple-line syntax. This syntax includes the End If statement, as shown in the following example: 

Sub AlertUser(value as Long) If value = 0 Then AlertLabel.ForeColor = "Red" AlertLabel.Font.Bold = True AlertLabel.Font.Italic = True End If End Sub

Running Certain Statements if a Condition is True and Running Others if It's False

Use an If...Then...Else statement to define two blocks of executable statements: one block runs if the condition is True, the other block runs if the condition is False. 

Sub AlertUser(value as Long) If value = 0 Then AlertLabel.ForeColor = vbRed AlertLabel.Font.Bold = True AlertLabel.Font.Italic = True Else AlertLabel.Forecolor = vbBlack AlertLabel.Font.Bold = False AlertLabel.Font.Italic = False End If End Sub

Testing a Second Condition if the First Condition is False

You can add ElseIf statements to an If...Then...Else statement to test a second condition if the first condition is False. For example, the following function procedure computes a bonus based on job classification. The statement following the Else statement runs if the conditions in all of the If and ElseIf statements are False. 

Function Bonus(performance, salary) If performance = 1 Then Bonus = salary * 0.1 ElseIf performance = 2 Then Bonus = salary * 0.09 ElseIf performance = 3 Then Bonus = salary * 0.07 Else Bonus = 0 End If End Function