Java Programming Language
The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases.
The Really Big Index
A list of all content pages in the The Java Tutorials
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Trail:
Getting Started
- The Java Technology Phenomenon
- About the Java Technology
- What Can Java Technology Do?
- How Will Java Technology Change My Life?
- The "Hello World!" Application
- "Hello World!" for the NetBeans IDE
- "Hello World!" for Microsoft Windows
- "Hello World!" for Solaris OS and Linux
- A Closer Look at the "Hello World!" Application
- Questions and Exercises: Getting Started
- Common Problems (and Their Solutions)
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Trail:
Learning the Java Language
- Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
- What Is an Object?
- What Is a Class?
- What Is Inheritance?
- What Is an Interface?
- What Is a Package?
- Questions and Exercises: Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
- Language Basics
- Variables
- Primitive Data Types
- Arrays
- Summary of Variables
- Questions and Exercises: Variables
- Operators
- Assignment, Arithmetic, and Unary Operators
- Equality, Relational, and Conditional Operators
- Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators
- Summary of Operators
- Questions and Exercises: Operators
- Expressions, Statements, and Blocks
- Questions and Exercises: Expressions, Statements, and Blocks
- Control Flow Statements
- The if-then and if-then-else Statements
- The switch Statement
- The while and do-while Statements
- The for Statement
- Branching Statements
- Summary of Control Flow Statements
- Questions and Exercises: Control Flow Statements
- Classes and Objects
- Classes
- Declaring Classes
- Declaring Member Variables
- Defining Methods
- Providing Constructors for Your Classes
- Passing Information to a Method or a Constructor
- Objects
- Creating Objects
- Using Objects
- More on Classes
- Returning a Value from a Method
- Using the this Keyword
- Controlling Access to Members of a Class
- Understanding Class Members
- Initializing Fields
- Summary of Creating and Using Classes and Objects
- Questions and Exercises: Classes
- Questions and Exercises: Objects
- Nested Classes
- Inner Class Example
- Local Classes
- Anonymous Classes
- Lambda Expressions
- Method References
- When to Use Nested Classes, Local Classes, Anonymous Classes, and Lambda Expressions
- Questions and Exercises: Nested Classes
- Enum Types
- Questions and Exercises: Enum Types
- Annotations
- Annotations Basics
- Declaring an Annotation Type
- Predefined Annotation Types
- Type Annotations and Pluggable Type Systems
- Repeating Annotations
- Questions and Exercises: Annotations
- Interfaces and Inheritance
- Interfaces
- Defining an Interface
- Implementing an Interface
- Using an Interface as a Type
- Evolving Interfaces
- Default Methods
- Summary of Interfaces
- Questions and Exercises: Interfaces
- Inheritance
- Multiple Inheritance of State, Implementation, and Type
- Overriding and Hiding Methods
- Polymorphism
- Hiding Fields
- Using the Keyword super
- Object as a Superclass
- Writing Final Classes and Methods
- Abstract Methods and Classes
- Summary of Inheritance
- Questions and Exercises: Inheritance
- Numbers and Strings
- Numbers
- The Numbers Classes
- Formatting Numeric Print Output
- Beyond Basic Arithmetic
- Summary of Numbers
- Questions and Exercises: Numbers
- Characters
- Strings
- Converting Between Numbers and Strings
- Manipulating Characters in a String
- Comparing Strings and Portions of Strings
- The StringBuilder Class
- Summary of Characters and Strings
- Autoboxing and Unboxing
- Questions and Exercises: Characters and Strings
- Generics (Updated)
- Why Use Generics?
- Generic Types
- Raw Types
- Generic Methods
- Bounded Type Parameters
- Generic Methods and Bounded Type Parameters
- Generics, Inheritance, and Subtypes
- Type Inference
- Wildcards
- Upper Bounded Wildcards
- Unbounded Wildcards
- Lower Bounded Wildcards
- Wildcards and Subtyping
- Wildcard Capture and Helper Methods
- Guidelines for Wildcard Use
- Type Erasure
- Erasure of Generic Types
- Erasure of Generic Methods
- Effects of Type Erasure and Bridge Methods
- Non-Reifiable Types
- Restrictions on Generics
- Questions and Exercises: Generics
- Packages
- Creating and Using Packages
- Creating a Package
- Naming a Package
- Using Package Members
- Managing Source and Class Files
- Summary of Creating and Using Packages
- Questions and Exercises: Creating and Using Packages
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Trail:
Essential Classes
- Exceptions
- What Is an Exception?
- The Catch or Specify Requirement
- Catching and Handling Exceptions
- The try Block
- The catch Blocks
- The finally Block
- The try-with-resources Statement
- Putting It All Together
- Specifying the Exceptions Thrown by a Method
- How to Throw Exceptions
- Chained Exceptions
- Creating Exception Classes
- Unchecked Exceptions - The Controversy
- Advantages of Exceptions
- Summary
- Questions and Exercises
- Basic I/O
- I/O Streams
- Byte Streams
- Character Streams
- Buffered Streams
- Scanning and Formatting
- Scanning
- Formatting
- I/O from the Command Line
- Data Streams
- Object Streams
- File I/O (Featuring NIO.2)
- What Is a Path? (And Other File System Facts)
- The Path Class
- Path Operations
- File Operations
- Checking a File or Directory
- Deleting a File or Directory
- Copying a File or Directory
- Moving a File or Directory
- Managing Metadata (File and File Store Attributes)
- Reading, Writing, and Creating Files
- Random Access Files
- Creating and Reading Directories
- Links, Symbolic or Otherwise
- Walking the File Tree
- Finding Files
- Watching a Directory for Changes
- Other Useful Methods
- Legacy File I/O Code
- Summary
- Questions and Exercises: Basic I/O
- Concurrency
- Processes and Threads
- Thread Objects
- Defining and Starting a Thread
- Pausing Execution with Sleep
- Interrupts
- Joins
- The SimpleThreads Example
- Synchronization
- Thread Interference
- Memory Consistency Errors
- Synchronized Methods
- Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization
- Atomic Access
- Liveness
- Deadlock
- Starvation and Livelock
- Guarded Blocks
- Immutable Objects
- A Synchronized Class Example
- A Strategy for Defining Immutable Objects
- High Level Concurrency Objects
- Lock Objects
- Executors
- Executor Interfaces
- Thread Pools
- Fork/Join
- Concurrent Collections
- Atomic Variables
- Concurrent Random Numbers
- For Further Reading
- Questions and Exercises: Concurrency
- The Platform Environment
- Configuration Utilities
- Properties
- Command-Line Arguments
- Environment Variables
- Other Configuration Utilities
- System Utilities
- Command-Line I/O Objects
- System Properties
- The Security Manager
- Miscellaneous Methods in System
- PATH and CLASSPATH
- Questions and Exercises: The Platform Environment
- Regular Expressions
- Introduction
- Test Harness
- String Literals
- Character Classes
- Predefined Character Classes
- Quantifiers
- Capturing Groups
- Boundary Matchers
- Methods of the Pattern Class
- Methods of the Matcher Class
- Methods of the PatternSyntaxException Class
- Unicode Support
- Additional Resources
- Questions and Exercises: Regular Expressions
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Trail:
Deployment
- Java Applets
- Getting Started With Applets
- Defining an Applet Subclass
- Methods for Milestones
- Life Cycle of an Applet
- Applet's Execution Environment
- Developing an Applet
- Deploying an Applet
- Deploying With the Applet Tag
- Doing More With Applets
- Finding and Loading Data Files
- Defining and Using Applet Parameters
- Displaying Short Status Strings
- Displaying Documents in the Browser
- Invoking JavaScript Code From an Applet
- Invoking Applet Methods From JavaScript Code
- Handling Initialization Status With Event Handlers
- Manipulating DOM of Applet's Web Page
- Displaying a Customized Loading Progress Indicator
- Writing Diagnostics to Standard Output and Error Streams
- Developing Draggable Applets
- Communicating With Other Applets
- Working With a Server-Side Application
- Network Client Applet Example
- What Applets Can and Cannot Do
- Solving Common Applet Problems
- Questions and Exercises: Applets
- Java Web Start
- Developing a Java Web Start Application
- Retrieving Resources
- Deploying a Java Web Start Application
- Setting Up a Web Server
- Displaying a Customized Loading Progress Indicator
- Running a Java Web Start Application
- Java Web Start and Security
- Common Java Web Start Problems
- Questions and Exercises: Java Web Start
- Doing More With Java Rich Internet Applications
- Setting Trusted Arguments and Secure Properties
- System Properties
- JNLP API
- Accessing the Client Using JNLP API
- Cookies
- Accessing Cookies
- Customizing the Loading Experience
- Security in Rich Internet Applications
- Guidelines for Securing Rich Internet Applications
- Questions and Exercises: Doing More With Rich Internet Applications
- Deployment In-Depth
- User Acceptance of RIAs
- Deployment Toolkit
- Deploying an Applet
- Customizing the Loading Screen
- Embedding JNLP File in Applet Tag
- Deploying a Java Web Start Application
- Changing the Launch Button
- Deploying Without Codebase
- Checking the Client JRE Software Version
- Java Network Launch Protocol
- Structure of the JNLP File
- Deployment Best Practices
- Reducing the Download Time
- Avoiding Unnecessary Update Checks
- Ensuring the Presence of the JRE Software
- Questions and Exercises: Deployment In-Depth
- Deploying Self-Contained Applications
- Pre-Requisites for Packaging Self-Contained Applications
- Converting an Existing Application
- Using File Associations
- Adding an External Library
- Providing a Default Argument
- Using a Common Build File for All Platforms
- Using Multiple Entry Points
- Questions and Exercises: Self-Contained Applications
- Packaging Programs in JAR Files
- Using JAR Files: The Basics
- Creating a JAR File
- Viewing the Contents of a JAR File
- Extracting the Contents of a JAR File
- Updating a JAR File
- Running JAR-Packaged Software
- Working with Manifest Files: The Basics
- Understanding the Default Manifest
- Modifying a Manifest File
- Setting an Application's Entry Point
- Adding Classes to the JAR File's Classpath
- Setting Package Version Information
- Sealing Packages within a JAR File
- Enhancing Security with Manifest Attributes
- Signing and Verifying JAR Files
- Understanding Signing and Verification
- Signing JAR Files
- Verifying Signed JAR Files
- Using JAR-related APIs
- The JarClassLoader Class
- The JarRunner Class
- Questions and Exercises: JAR
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Trail:
Creating a GUI With JFC/Swing
- Getting Started with Swing
- About the JFC and Swing
- Compiling and Running Swing Programs
- Learning Swing with the NetBeans IDE
- Setting up the CelsiusConverter Project
- NetBeans IDE Basics
- Creating the CelsiusConverter GUI
- Adjusting the CelsiusConverter GUI
- Adding the Application Logic
- Questions and Exercises: Learning Swing with the NetBeans IDE
- Using Swing Components
- Using Top-Level Containers
- The JComponent Class
- Using Text Components
- Text Component Features
- The Text Component API
- How to Use Various Components
- How to Make Applets
- How to Use Buttons, Check Boxes, and Radio Buttons
- How to Use the ButtonGroup Component
- How to Use Color Choosers
- How to Use Combo Boxes
- How to Make Dialogs
- How to Use Editor Panes and Text Panes
- How to Use File Choosers
- How to Use Formatted Text Fields
- How to Make Frames (Main Windows)
- How to Use Internal Frames
- How to Use Labels
- How to Use Layered Panes
- How to Use Lists
- How to Use Menus
- How to Use Panels
- How to Use Password Fields
- How to Use Progress Bars
- How to Use Root Panes
- How to Use Scroll Panes
- How to Use Separators
- How to Use Sliders
- How to Use Spinners
- How to Use Split Panes
- How to Use Tabbed Panes
- How to Use Tables
- How to Use Text Areas
- How to Use Text Fields
- How to Use Tool Bars
- How to Use Tool Tips
- How to Use Trees
- How to Use HTML in Swing Components
- How to Use Models
- How to Use Icons
- How to Use Borders
- Solving Common Component Problems
- Questions and Exercises: Using Swing Components
- Concurrency in Swing
- Initial Threads
- The Event Dispatch Thread
- Worker Threads and SwingWorker
- Simple Background Tasks
- Tasks that Have Interim Results
- Canceling Background Tasks
- Bound Properties and Status Methods
- Questions and Exercises: Concurrency in Swing
- Using Other Swing Features
- How to Integrate with the Desktop Class
- How to Create Translucent and Shaped Windows
- How to Decorate Components with the JLayer Class
- How to Use Actions
- How to Use Swing Timers
- How to Support Assistive Technologies
- How to Use the Focus Subsystem
- How to Use Key Bindings
- How to Use Modality in Dialogs
- How to Print Tables
- How to Print Text
- How to Create a Splash Screen
- How to Use the System Tray
- Solving Common Problems Using Other Swing Features
- Laying Out Components Within a Container
- A Visual Guide to Layout Managers
- Using Layout Managers
- How Layout Management Works
- How to Use Various Layout Managers
- How to Use BorderLayout
- How to Use BoxLayout
- How to Use CardLayout
- How to Use FlowLayout
- How to Use GridBagLayout
- How to Use GridLayout
- How to Use GroupLayout
- A GroupLayout Example
- How to Use SpringLayout
- Creating a Custom Layout Manager
- Doing Without a Layout Manager (Absolute Positioning)
- Solving Common Layout Problems
- Questions and Exercises: Laying Out Components within a Container
- Modifying the Look and Feel
- How to Set the Look and Feel
- The Synth Look and Feel
- A Synth Example
- Nimbus Look and Feel
- Changing the Look of Nimbus
- Resizing a Component
- Changing the Color Theme
- Drag and Drop and Data Transfer
- Introduction to DnD
- Default DnD Support
- Demo - BasicDnD
- TransferHandler Class
- Export Methods
- Import Methods
- TransferSupport Class
- Setting the Drop Mode
- Demo - DropDemo
- Choosing the Drop Action
- Demo - ChooseDropAction
- Showing the Drop Location
- Location Sensitive Drop
- Demo - LocationSensitiveDemo
- Empty Table Drop
- Drop Location Rendering
- Top-Level Drop
- Adding Cut, Copy and Paste (CCP)
- CCP in a Text Component
- CCP in a non-Text Component
- Using and Creating a DataFlavor
- Putting it All Together - DnD and CCP
- Solving Common Data Transfer Problems
- Writing Event Listeners
- Introduction to Event Listeners
- General Information about Writing Event Listeners
- Listeners Supported by Swing Components
- Implementing Listeners for Commonly Handled Events
- How to Write an Action Listener
- How to Write a Caret Listener
- How to Write a Change Listener
- How to Write a Component Listener
- How to Write a Container Listener
- How to Write a Document Listener
- How to Write a Focus Listener
- How to Write an Internal Frame Listener
- How to Write an Item Listener
- How to Write a Key Listener
- How to Write a List Data Listener
- How to Write a List Selection Listener
- How to Write a Mouse Listener
- How to Write a Mouse-Motion Listener
- How to Write a Mouse-Wheel Listener
- How to Write a Property Change Listener
- How to Write a Table Model Listener
- How to Write a Tree Expansion Listener
- How to Write a Tree Model Listener
- How to Write a Tree Selection Listener
- How to Write a Tree-Will-Expand Listener
- How to Write an Undoable Edit Listener
- How to Write Window Listeners
- Listener API Table
- Solving Common Event-Handling Problems
- Questions and Exercises: Writing Event Listeners
- Performing Custom Painting
- Creating the Demo Application (Step 1)
- Creating the Demo Application (Step 2)
- Creating the Demo Application (Step 3)
- Refining the Design
- A Closer Look at the Paint Mechanism
- Summary
- Solving Common Painting Problems
- Questions and Exercises: Performing Custom Painting
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Trail:
Collections
- Introduction to Collections
- Interfaces
- The Collection Interface
- The Set Interface
- The List Interface
- The Queue Interface
- The Deque Interface
- The Map Interface
- Object Ordering
- The SortedSet Interface
- The SortedMap Interface
- Summary of Interfaces
- Questions and Exercises: Interfaces
- Aggregate Operations
- Reduction
- Parallelism
- Questions and Exercises: Aggregate Operations
- Implementations
- Set Implementations
- List Implementations
- Map Implementations
- Queue Implementations
- Deque Implementations
- Wrapper Implementations
- Convenience Implementations
- Summary of Implementations
- Questions and Exercises: Implementations
- Algorithms
- Custom Collection Implementations
- Interoperability
- Compatibility
- API Design
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Trail:
Date Time
- Date-Time Overview
- Date-Time Design Principles
- The Date-Time Packages
- Method Naming Conventions
- Standard Calendar
- Overview
- DayOfWeek and Month Enums
- Date Classes
- Date and Time Classes
- Time Zone and Offset Classes
- Instant Class
- Parsing and Formatting
- The Temporal Package
- Temporal Adjuster
- Temporal Query
- Period and Duration
- Clock
- Non-ISO Date Conversion
- Legacy Date-Time Code
- Summary
- Questions and Exercises: Date-Time API
-
Trail:
Internationalization
- Introduction
- A Quick Example
- Before Internationalization
- After Internationalization
- Running the Sample Program
- Internationalizing the Sample Program
- Checklist
- Setting the Locale
- Creating a Locale
- BCP 47 Extensions
- Identifying Available Locales
- Language Tag Filtering and Lookup
- The Scope of a Locale
- Locale-Sensitive Services SPI
- Isolating Locale-Specific Data
- About the ResourceBundle Class
- Preparing to Use a ResourceBundle
- Backing a ResourceBundle with Properties Files
- Using a ListResourceBundle
- Customizing Resource Bundle Loading
- Formatting
- Numbers and Currencies
- Using Predefined Formats
- Customizing Formats
- Dates and Times
- Using Predefined Formats
- Customizing Formats
- Changing Date Format Symbols
- Messages
- Dealing with Compound Messages
- Handling Plurals
- Working with Text
- Checking Character Properties
- Comparing Strings
- Performing Locale-Independent Comparisons
- Customizing Collation Rules
- Improving Collation Performance
- Unicode
- Terminology
- Supplementary Characters as Surrogates
- Character and String APIs
- Sample Usage
- Design Considerations
- More Information
- Detecting Text Boundaries
- About the BreakIterator Class
- Character Boundaries
- Word Boundaries
- Sentence Boundaries
- Line Boundaries
- Converting Latin Digits to Other Unicode Digits
- Converting Non-Unicode Text
- Byte Encodings and Strings
- Character and Byte Streams
- Normalizing Text
- Working with Bidirectional Text with the JTextComponent Class
- Internationalization of Network Resources
- Internationalized Domain Name
- Service Providers for Internationalization
- Installing a Custom Resource Bundle as an Extension
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Trail:
2D Graphics
- Overview of the Java 2D API Concepts
- Coordinates
- Java 2D Rendering
- Geometric Primitives
- Text
- Images
- Printing
- Getting Started with Graphics
- Working with Geometry
- Drawing Geometric Primitives
- Drawing Arbitrary Shapes
- Stroking and Filling Graphics Primitives
- Working with Text APIs
- Font Concepts
- Text Layout Concepts
- Physical and Logical Fonts
- Measuring Text
- Advanced Text Display
- Displaying Antialiased Text by Using Rendering Hints
- Using Text Attributes to Style Text
- Drawing Multiple Lines of Text
- Working with Bidirectional Text
- Working with Images
- Reading/Loading an Image
- Drawing an Image
- Creating and Drawing to an Image
- Writing/Saving an Image
- Printing
- A Basic Printing Program
- Using Print Setup Dialogs
- Printing a Multiple Page Document
- Working with Print Services and Attributes
- Printing the Contents of a User Interface
- Printing Support in Swing Components
- Advanced Topics in Java2D
- Transforming Shapes, Text, and Images
- Clipping the Drawing Region
- Compositing Graphics
- Controlling Rendering Quality
- Constructing Complex Shapes from Geometry Primitives
- Supporting User Interaction
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Trail:
Sound
- Overview of the Sampled Package
- Accessing Audio System Resources
- Playing Back Audio
- Capturing Audio
- Processing Audio with Controls
- Using Files and Format Converters
- Overview of the MIDI Package
- Accessing MIDI System Resources
- Transmitting and Receiving MIDI Messages
- Introduction to Sequencers
- Using Sequencer Methods
- Using Advanced Sequencer Features
- Synthesizing Sound
- Introduction to the Service Provider Interfaces
- Providing Sampled-Audio Services
- Providing MIDI Services
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Trail:
JavaBeans(TM)
- Quick Start
- Creating a Project
- A Button is a Bean
- Wiring the Application
- Using a Third-Party Bean
- Writing JavaBeans Components
- Properties
- Methods
- Events
- Using a BeanInfo
- Advanced JavaBeans Topics
- Bean Persistence
- Long Term Persistence
- Bean Customization
-
Trail:
JDBC(TM) Database Access
- JDBC Introduction
- JDBC Architecture
- A Relational Database Overview
- JDBC Basics
- Getting Started
- Processing SQL Statements with JDBC
- Establishing a Connection
- Connecting with DataSource Objects
- Handling SQLExceptions
- Setting Up Tables
- Retrieving and Modifying Values from Result Sets
- Using Prepared Statements
- Using Transactions
- Using RowSet Objects
- Using JdbcRowSet Objects
- Using CachedRowSetObjects
- Using JoinRowSet Objects
- Using FilteredRowSet Objects
- Using WebRowSet Objects
- Using Advanced Data Types
- Using Large Objects
- Using SQLXML Objects
- Using Array Objects
- Using DISTINCT Data Type
- Using Structured Objects
- Using Customized Type Mappings
- Using Datalink Objects
- Using RowId Objects
- Using Stored Procedures
- Using JDBC with GUI API
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Trail:
Java Management Extensions (JMX)
- Overview of the JMX Technology
- Why Use the JMX Technology?
- Architecture of the JMX Technology
- Monitoring and Management of the Java Virtual Machine
- Introducing MBeans
- Standard MBeans
- MXBeans
- Notifications
- Remote Management
- Exposing a Resource for Remote Management By JConsole
- Creating a Custom JMX Client
-
Trail:
Java API for XML Processing (JAXP)
- Introduction to JAXP
- Overview of the Packages
- Simple API for XML APIs
- Document Object Model APIs
- Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations APIs
- Streaming API for XML APIs
- Finding the JAXP Sample Programs
- Where Do You Go From Here?
- Simple API for XML
- When to Use SAX
- Parsing an XML File Using SAX
- Implementing SAX Validation
- Handling Lexical Events
- Using the DTDHandler and EntityResolver
- Further Information
- Document Object Model
- When to Use DOM
- Reading XML Data into a DOM
- Validating with XML Schema
- Further Information
- Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations
- Introducing XSL, XSLT, and XPath
- How XPath Works
- Writing Out a DOM as an XML File
- Generating XML from an Arbitrary Data Structure
- Transforming XML Data with XSLT
- Streaming API for XML
- Why StAX?
- StAX API
- Using StAX
- Oracle's Streaming XML Parser Implementation
- Example Code
- Further Information
- JAXP 1.5 and New Properties
- Background
- External Resources
- New Properties
- Scope and Order
- Relationship with the SecurityManager
- Property Settings in the JDK
- Using the Properties
- Error Handling
- StAX
- Conclusion
- References
- Processing Limits
- Processing Limit Definitions
- Scope and Order
- Using the Limits
- Error Handling
- StAX
- Samples
-
Trail:
RMI
- An Overview of RMI Applications
- Writing an RMI Server
- Designing a Remote Interface
- Implementing a Remote Interface
- Creating a Client Program
- Compiling and Running the Example
- Compiling the Example Programs
- Running the Example Programs
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Trail:
Security Features in Java SE
- Security Features Overview
- Creating a Policy File
- Set up a Policy File to Grant the Required Permission
- Start Policy Tool
- Grant the Required Permission
- Save the Policy File
- Quick Tour of Controlling Applications
- Observe Application Freedom
- See How to Restrict Applications
- Set up the Policy File to Grant the Required Permissions
- Open the Policy File
- Grant the Required Permissions
- Save the Policy File
- See the Policy File Effects
- API and Tools Use for Secure Code and File Exchanges
- Signing Code and Granting It Permissions
- Steps for the Code Signer
- Download and Try the Sample Application
- Create a JAR File Containing the Class File
- Generate Keys
- Sign the JAR File
- Export the Public Key Certificate
- Steps for the Code Receiver
- Observe the Restricted Application
- Import the Certificate as a Trusted Certificate
- Set Up a Policy File to Grant the Required Permission
- Start Policy Tool
- Specify the Keystore
- Add a Policy Entry with a SignedBy Alias
- Save the Policy File
- See the Policy File Effects
- Exchanging Files
- Steps for the Contract Sender
- Create a JAR File Containing the Contract
- Generate Keys
- Sign the JAR File
- Export the Public Key Certificate
- Steps for the Contract Receiver
- Import the Certificate as a Trusted Certificate
- Verify the JAR File Signature
- Generating and Verifying Signatures
- Generating a Digital Signature
- Prepare Initial Program Structure
- Generate Public and Private Keys
- Sign the Data
- Save the Signature and the Public Key in Files
- Compile and Run the Program
- Verifying a Digital Signature
- Prepare Initial Program Structure
- Input and Convert the Encoded Public Key Bytes
- Input the Signature Bytes
- Verify the Signature
- Compile and Run the Program
- Weaknesses and Alternatives
- Implementing Your Own Permission
- ExampleGame
- The HighScore Class
- The HighScorePermission Class
- A Sample Policy File
- Putting It All Together
- Steps for the HighScore Developer (Chris)
- Steps for the ExampleGame Developer (Terry)
- Steps for a User Running ExampleGame (Kim)
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Trail:
The Extension Mechanism
- Creating and Using Extensions
- Installed Extensions
- Download Extensions
- Understanding Extension Class Loading
- Creating Extensible Applications
- Making Extensions Secure
- Setting Privileges for Extensions
- Sealing Packages in Extensions
-
Trail:
The Reflection API
- Classes
- Retrieving Class Objects
- Examining Class Modifiers and Types
- Discovering Class Members
- Troubleshooting
- Members
- Fields
- Obtaining Field Types
- Retrieving and Parsing Field Modifiers
- Getting and Setting Field Values
- Troubleshooting
- Methods
- Obtaining Method Type Information
- Obtaining Names of Method Parameters
- Retrieving and Parsing Method Modifiers
- Invoking Methods
- Troubleshooting
- Constructors
- Finding Constructors
- Retrieving and Parsing Constructor Modifiers
- Creating New Class Instances
- Troubleshooting
- Arrays and Enumerated Types
- Arrays
- Identifying Array Types
- Creating New Arrays
- Getting and Setting Arrays and Their Components
- Troubleshooting
- Enumerated Types
- Examining Enums
- Getting and Setting Fields with Enum Types
- Troubleshooting
-
Trail:
Custom Networking
- Overview of Networking
- What You May Already Know About Networking in Java
- Networking Basics
- Working with URLs
- What Is a URL?
- Creating a URL
- Parsing a URL
- Reading Directly from a URL
- Connecting to a URL
- Reading from and Writing to a URLConnection
- All About Sockets
- What Is a Socket?
- Reading from and Writing to a Socket
- Writing the Server Side of a Socket
- All About Datagrams
- What Is a Datagram?
- Writing a Datagram Client and Server
- Broadcasting to Multiple Recipients
- Programmatic Access to Network Parameters
- What Is a Network Interface?
- Retrieving Network Interfaces
- Listing Network Interface Addresses
- Network Interface Parameters
- Working With Cookies
- HTTP State Management With Cookies
- CookieHandler Callback Mechanism
- Default CookieManager
- Custom CookieManager
- Bonus
- Generics
- Introduction
- Defining Simple Generics
- Generics and Subtyping
- Wildcards
- Generic Methods
- Interoperating with Legacy Code
- The Fine Print
- Class Literals as Runtime-Type Tokens
- More Fun with Wildcards
- Converting Legacy Code to Use Generics
- Acknowledgements
- Full-Screen Exclusive Mode API
- Full-Screen Exclusive Mode
- Display Mode
- Passive vs. Active Rendering
- Double Buffering and Page Flipping
- BufferStrategy and BufferCapabilities
- Examples
- Preparation for Java Programmer Language Certification
- Java SE 8 Programmer I Exam
- Java SE 8 Programmer II Exam
- Java SE 8 Upgrade Exam
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Trail:
Java Naming and Directory Interface
- Naming and Directory Concepts
- Directory Concepts
- Overview of JNDI
- Naming Package
- Directory and LDAP Packages
- Event and Service Provider Packages
- Software Setup
- LDAP Setup
- Java Application Setup
- Naming and Directory Operations
- Naming Exceptions
- Lookup an Object
- List the Context
- Add, Replace or Remove a Binding
- Rename
- Create and Destroy Subcontexts
- Attribute Names
- Read Attributes
- Modify Attributes
- Add, Replace Bindings with Attributes
- Search
- Basic Search
- Filters
- Scope
- Result Count
- Time Limit
- Trouble Shooting Tips
- Advanced Topics for LDAP Users
- LDAP v3
- JNDI as an LDAP API
- How LDAP Operations Map to JNDI APIs
- How LDAP Error Codes Map to JNDI Exceptions
- Security
- Modes of Authenticating to LDAP
- Authentication Mechanisms
- Anonymous
- Simple
- SASL
- Digest-MD5
- SSL and Custom Sockets
- More LDAP Operations
- LDAP Compare
- Search Results
- LDAP Unsolicited Notifications
- Connection Management
- Creation
- Closing
- Pooling
- Configuration
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Java Objects in the Directory
- Storing and Reading Objects
- Serializable Objects
- New features in JDK 5.0 and JDK 6
- Retrieving Distinguished Name
- Standard LDAP Controls
- Paged Results Control
- Sort Control
- Manage Referral Control
- Manipulating LdapName (Distinguished Name)
- Manipulating Relative Distringuished Name (RDN)
- Setting Timeout for Ldap Operations
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Trail:
Sockets Direct Protocol
- Understanding the Sockets Direct Protocol
- Overview
- Creating an SDP Configuration File
- Enabling the SDP Protocol
- Debugging SDP
- Technical Issues with SDP
- Solaris and Linux Support
- Supported Java APIs
- For More Information
-
Trail:
Java Architecture for XML Binding
- Introduction to JAXB
- JAXB Architecture
- Representing XML Content
- Binding XML Schemas
- Customizing Generated Classes and Java Program Elements
- JAXB Examples
- Basic Examples
- Customizing JAXB Bindings
- Java-to-Schema Examples
- For More Information