- &subroutine list
- Executes a subroutine declared by a
sub declaration, and returns the value of the last expression evaluated in subroutine. subroutine can be an expression yielding a reference to a code object. The & may be omitted if the subroutine has been declared before being used.
bless ref [ , package ]
- Turns the object ref into an object in package. Returns the reference.
caller [ expr ]
- Returns an array ($package, $file, $line,...) for a specific subroutine call.
caller returns this information for the current subroutine, caller(1) for the caller of this subroutine, etc. Returns false if no caller.
do subroutine list
- Deprecated form of &subroutine .
goto &subroutine
- Substitutes a call to subroutine for the current subroutine.
import module [ [ version ] list ]
- Imports the named subroutines from module.
no module [ list ]
- Cancels imported semantics. See
use.
package name
- Designates the remainder of the current block as a package.
require expr(dagger)
- If expr is numeric, requires Perl to be at least that version. Otherwise expr must be the name of a file that is included from the Perl library. Does not include more than once, and yields a fatal error if the file does not evaluate to a
true value. If expr is a bare word, assumes extension .pm for the name of the file.
return expr
- Returns from a subroutine with the value specified.
sub name { expr ;...}
- Designates name as a subroutine. Parameters are passed by reference as array @_. Returns the value of the last expression evaluated.
- [
sub ] BEGIN { expr ; ...}
- Defines a setup block to be called before execution.
- [
sub ] END { expr ; ...}
- Defines a cleanup block to be called upon termination.
tie var, package, [ list ]
- Ties a variable to a package that will handle it. Can be used to bind a dbm or ndbm file to a hash.
untie var
- Breaks the binding between the variable and the package.
use module [ [ version ] list ]
- Imports semantics from the named module into the current package.