Built-in Commands and Keywords

Here is a summary of all built-in commands and keywords.

Command	Chapter	Summary
:	Do nothing (just do expansions of arguments).
Read file and execute its contents in current shell.
alias	Set up shorthand for command or command line.
bg	Put job in background.
break	Exit from surrounding for, select, while, or until loop.
case	Multi-way conditional construct.
cd	Change working directory.
continue	Skip to next iteration of for, select, while, or until loop.
echo	Expand and print arguments (obsolete).
exec	Replace shell with given program.
exit	Exit from shell.
export	Create environment variables.
eval	Process arguments as a command line.
fc	Fix command (edit history file).
fg	Put background job in foreground.
for	Looping construct.
function	Define function.
getopts	Process command-line options.
if	Conditional construct.
jobs	List background jobs.
kill	Send signal to process.
let	Arithmetic variable assignment.
newgrp	Start new shell with new group ID.
print	Expand and print arguments on standard output.
pwd	Print working directory.
read	Read a line from standard input.
readonly	Make variables read-only (unassignable).
return	Return from surrounding function or script.
select	Menu generation construct.
set	Set options.
shift	Shift command-line arguments.
time	Run command and print execution times.
trap	Set up signal-catching routine.
typeset	Set special characteristics of variables.
ulimit	Set/show process resource limits.
umask	Set/show file permission mask.
unalias	Remove alias definitions.
unset	Remove definitions of variables or functions.
until	Looping construct.
wait	Wait for background job(s) to finish.
whence	Identify source of command.
while	Looping construct.