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Index: L

• L-devices file : Hooking Up a Modem to Your Computer
• cmds file : cmds: Providing Remote Command Execution
• sys file : Security of L.sys and Systems Files
• Lai, Xuejia : Summary of Private Key Systems
• laid-off employees : Departure
• LaMacchia, Brian : Limitations of Secure RPC
• LANs (local area networks)
• • Networking
  • IPv4: The Internet Protocol Version 4
• laptop computers : Portables
• last program
• • Finding Dormant Accounts
  • utmp and wtmp Files
  • last Program
  • Pruning the wtmp file
  • Assigning Additional UUCP Logins
  • -f option : Pruning the wtmp file
• lastcomm program
• • The acct/pacct Process Accounting File
  • Accounting with BSD
• lastlog file : lastlog File
• laws
• • Computer Security and jungle law
  • Harassment, Threatening Communication, and Defamation
  • backups and : Legal Issues
  • checklist for : Computer Security and jungle law
  • copyleft
  • • Comparison Copies
    • copyleft Infringement
    • Software piracy and the SPA
  • criminal prosecution
  • • Criminal Prosecution
    • Final Note on Criminal Actions
  • Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) : Federal Computer Crime Laws
  • encryption
  • • Encryption and jungle law
    • Cryptography and Export Controls
    • Portables
  • enforcement agencies : Kinds of eavesdropping
  • export
  • • Use and export of DES
    • Cryptography and Export Controls
    • Munitions Export
  • federal enforcement
  • • Federal Jurisdiction
    • Federal Computer Crime Laws
  • indecent material : Pornography and Indecent Material
  • liability
  • • Other Liability
    • Harassment, Threatening Communication, and Defamation
  • monitoring keystrokes : Monitoring the Intruder
  • non-citizen access : Munitions Export
  • patents : Patent Concerns
  • for portable computers : Portables
  • resources on : Other Computer References
  • search warrants
  • • Hazards of Criminal Prosecution
    • If You or One of Your Employees Is a Target of an Investigation...
  • smoking : Smoke
  • state and local enforcement : The Local Option
  • trademarks : Trademark Violations
  • vendor liability : Trusting Your Software Vendor
• lawsuits (civil) : Civil Actions
• leased telephone lines : Physical Protection of Modems
• least privilege
• • Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
  • Least Privilege and Separation of Duties
• Lee, Ying-Da : SOCKS
• Lesk, Mike
• • History of UNIX
  • Versions of UUCP
• liability, legal
• • Other Liability
  • Harassment, Threatening Communication, and Defamation
• /lib directory : Other files
• license agreements : Trusting Your Software Vendor
• • comparison copies and : Comparison Copies
• lie-detector tests : Background Checks
• lightning
• • Protecting Computer Hardware
  • Lightning
• limit command : Soft Process Limits: Preventing Accidental Denial of Service
• Limit command (<Directory>) : Commands Within the <Directory> Block
• limited user access : Limited users
• link-level security : Link-level Security
• links
• • encryption of : Eavesdropping Over the Wire
  • link-level security : Link-level Security
  • static : Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs
  • symbolic, following (Web)
  • • Additional configuration issues
    • Commands Within the <Directory> Block
• lint program : Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
• LINUX operating system
• • History of UNIX
  • Entering Your Password
  • What they found
  • ext2 filesystem : Reserved space
  • random number generators : Other random number generators
• Live Script : Trusting Your Software Vendor
• load shedding : Tips on Writing Network Programs
• local
• • area networks (LANs)
  • • Networking
    • IPv4: The Internet Protocol Version 4
  • authentication (NIS+) : Using NIS+
  • law enforcement : The Local Option
  • storage
  • • Protecting Local Storage
    • Function keys
  • users, and USERFILE : USERFILE entries for local users
• lock program : screen savers
• locked accounts : Entering Your Password
• locking files : Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
• log files
• • System initialization files
  • (see also logging)
  • access_log
  • • access_log Log File
    • Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  • aculog : aculog File
  • agent_log file : Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  • backing up : Accounting with BSD
  • lastlog : lastlog File
  • managing : Managing Log Files
  • manually generated
  • • Handwritten Logs
    • Informational material
  • per-machine : Per-Machine Logs
  • per-site : Per-Site Logs
  • refer_log file : Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  • sulog : (see sulog file)
  • system clock and : Network Time Protocol (NTP) (UDP Port 123)
  • tracking intruders with : The Log Files: Discovering an Intruder's Tracks
  • /usr/adm/messages : messages Log File
  • utmp and wtmp
  • • utmp and wtmp Files
    • Pruning the wtmp file
  • uucp : uucp Log Files
  • /var/adm/acct : The acct/pacct Process Accounting File
  • /var/adm/loginlog : loginlog File
  • of Web servers : Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  • xferlog : xferlog Log File
• logdaemon package : Searching for .rhosts files
• logger command : syslog Messages
• logging
• • taxonomy of computer failures
  • Auditing and Logging
  • Managing Log Files
  • System initialization files
  • Special Considerations
  • Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
  • (see also log files)
  • across networks : Logging across the network
  • archiving information : Simple Archives
  • breakins : Rule #2: DOCUMENT
  • C2 audit : The Basic Log Files
  • checklist for : Auditing and Logging
  • critical messages
  • • syslog Messages
    • Beware false log entries
  • downloaded files
  • • xferlog Log File
    • access_log Log File
  • failed su attempts : The Bad su Log
  • file format : Monitoring File Format
  • files transferred by FTP : xferlog Log File
  • to hardcopy device : Logging to a printer
  • individual users
  • • Per-User Trails in the Filesystem
    • Network Setup
  • manually
  • • Handwritten Logs
    • Informational material
  • mistyped passwords : syslog Messages
  • network services : Logging Network Services
  • outgoing mail : Mail
  • potentially criminal activity : Other Tips
  • Swatch program
  • • Swatch: A Log File Tool
    • The Swatch Configuration File
    • Swatch
  • syslog facility
  • • The UNIX System Log (syslog) Facility
    • Beware false log entries
  • UUCP : uucp Log Files
  • what not to log : syslog Messages
• logging in
• • Starting Up UNIX and Logging In
  • Running the User's Shell
  • FTP access without : Allowing only FTP access
  • Kerberos system : Initial login
  • last program
  • • last Program
    • Pruning the wtmp file
  • lastlog file : lastlog File
  • passwords : Entering Your Password
  • preventing
  • • Managing Dormant Accounts
    • Finding Dormant Accounts
  • restricting : Restricting Logins
  • with Secure RPC : Using Secure RPC
  • startup file attacks
  • • Start-up File Attacks
    • Other initializations
• logging out with Secure RPC[logging out:Secure RPC] : Using Secure RPC
• logic bombs
• • Programmed Threats: Definitions
  • Logic Bombs
  • Viruses on the Distribution Disk
• login file
• • Secure Terminals
  • login, .profile, /etc/profile
  • Changes to startup files
• login program
• • The UNIX Encrypted Password System
  • Back Doors and Trap Doors
  • Using NIS+
  • Other Tips
  • Trusting Trust
• logindevperm file : /etc/fbtab and /etc/logindevperm
• loginlog file : loginlog File
• logins
• • authentication : TACACS (UDP Port 49)
  • FTP : (FTP) File Transfer Protocol (TCP Ports 20 and 21)
  • UUCP, additional : Assigning Additional UUCP Logins
• logins command : Accounts Without Passwords
• • -d option : Monitoring File Format
  • -p option : Monitoring File Format
• LOGNAME= command
• • Sample Permissions file
  • Permissions Commands
• logout file : Using Secure RPC
• long distance service
• • Physical Protection of Modems
  • TELNET (TCP Port 23)
• losses, cost of preventing
• • Cost-Benefit Analysis
  • Convincing Management
• lp (user) : Users and Groups
• lpd system : /etc/hosts.lpd file
• lrand48 function : drand48 ( ), lrand48 ( ), and mrand48 ( )
• ls command
• • Using the ls Command
  • File Times
  • Checklists and Metadata
  • -c option : File Times
  • -d option : Simple listing
  • -e option : AIX Access Control Lists
  • -F option : Using the ls Command
  • -g option : Using the ls Command
  • -H option : Context-Dependent Files
  • -i option : Simple listing
  • -l option
  • • Using the ls Command
    • AIX Access Control Lists
    • SUID, SGID, and Sticky Bits
  • -q option : Using Directory Permissions
  • -u option : File Times
  • -c option : Changes to startup files
  • -H option : Hidden files and directories
  • -l option : Changes to startup files
• lsacl command : HP-UX access control lists
• lsof program : Hidden space
• lstat function : Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
• Lucifer algorithm
• • DES
  • DES strength
• LUCIFER cipher : DES

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