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Index: L

• L flag (Linux routing table): The Routing Table (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• label field (inittab file): Understanding /etc/inittab (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• labeled form of SNMP output: snmptranslate (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• labeling
• • cables: Maintaining Existing Cabling (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • interfaces in mrtg graphs: mrtg configuration file (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • label makers: Maintaining Existing Cabling (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • map devices: Drawing maps with tkined (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• labeling the system: Labeling and Diagramming Your System (Building Internet Firewalls)
• labels, domain name (see domain name labels)
• labels, in graphs: OpenView Graphing (Essential SNMP)
• • OpenView Graphing (Essential SNMP)
  • OpenView Graphing (Essential SNMP)
  • Graphing Other Objects (Essential SNMP)
• laboratory networks: Laboratory Networks (Building Internet Firewalls)
• lame delegations: BIND 4.9 and 8 statistics (DNS and Bind)
• • Registering Name Servers (DNS and Bind)
  • doc, dnswalk, and lamers (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • troubleshooting and: Incorrect Subdomain Delegation (DNS and Bind)
• lame server message: Common Syslog Messages (DNS and Bind)
• lame-servers category: BIND 8 categories (DNS and Bind)
• lame TTL: TTLs (DNS and Bind)
• lame-ttl option (named): The options Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lamers DNS tool: doc, dnswalk, and lamers (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • Sources for Tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• LAN-oriented service: Selecting Services Provided by a Bastion Host (Building Internet Firewalls)
• LANalyzer tool: Microsoft Windows (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• LanguagePriority directive (httpd.conf file): Defining File Types (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LanMan format: Passwords (Building Internet Firewalls)
• LanManager: File Sharing for Microsoft Networks (Building Internet Firewalls)
• LANs
• • DNS and: Must I Use DNS? (DNS and Bind)
  • mapping tools and: Mapping or Diagramming (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • network management and: Selecting a Product (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • ping results and: Interpreting results (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • traffic and: Capacity Planning (DNS and Bind)
  • virtual LANs: Protecting Yourself (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • • Mapping or Diagramming (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• laptop computers, as troubleshooting tool: Diagnostic Tools (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• large packets: Ping of Death (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• last command, security and: Checking login activity (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Network Research Group: Generic Sources (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Layer 2 Transport Protocol (L2TP): Layer 2 Transport Protocol (L2TP) (Building Internet Firewalls)
• layering rewalls: Defense in Depth (Building Internet Firewalls)
• layers
• • data link: Physical and data link layers (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • network: Network layer (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • network protocols: Networking overview (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • OSI Model: Data Communications Model (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • stacks: Networking overview (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • TCP/IP models: TCP/IP Protocol Architecture (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • see also ISO: Physical and data link layers (Managing NFS and NIS)
• lcladdr parameter
• • gated bgp statement: The bgp Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • gated egp statement: The egp Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lcp-echo-failure option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lcp-echo-interval option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LCP (Link Control Protocol): The Serial Protocols (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lcp-max-configure option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lcp-max-failure option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lcp-max-terminate option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lcp-restart option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol): Naming and Directory Services (Building Internet Firewalls)
• • Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) (Managing NFS and NIS)
• ldap (sendmail K command value): The sendmail K Command (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LDAPROUTE_DOMAIN macro (sendmail): sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LDAPROUTE_DOMAIN_FILEmacro (sendmail): sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• leaf nodes: Naming OIDs (Essential SNMP)
• learning periods for polling: Castle Rock's SNMPc (Essential SNMP)
• leases, DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• least privilege principle: Least Privilege (Building Internet Firewalls)
• • Least privilege (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • Least privilege (Building Internet Firewalls)
• least privilege, running BIND with: Running BIND with Least Privilege (DNS and Bind)
• legal issues
• • documentation of incidents: Document the Incident (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • pursuing intruders: Pursuing and Capturing the Intruder (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • security responsibilities: External Factors That Influence Security Policies (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • ssh tool: ssh (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • use of network tools: Legal and ethical considerations (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Leinen, Simon: Monitoring Traps with Perl (Essential SNMP)
• • SNMP Support for Perl (Essential SNMP)
• lengths
• • of cables: Cable testers (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • of packets: Packet characteristics. (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• level parameter (gated): The isis Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• levels of security: SNMPv3 Textual Conventions (Essential SNMP)
• • Simplifying commands by setting defaults (Essential SNMP)
• levels of service, ISP: Other related tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• levels of usage, variations in: What, When, and Where (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• levels, stacks: Networking overview (Managing NFS and NIS)
• lib/modules directory: Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• libpcap library: tcpdump (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • tcpflow (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • ntop (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • Capture filters (Managing NFS and NIS)
• libpng library: Using MRTG (Essential SNMP)
• libwrap (see TCP-wrappers)
• licensing: Documentation (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • Characteristics of Management Software (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • Licenses (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • excess objects and: The netmon Process (Essential SNMP)
  • OpenView NNM: HP's OpenView Network Node Manager (Essential SNMP)
  • SNMPc: Castle Rock's SNMPc Enterprise version (Essential SNMP)
  • SSH1, SSH2, and OpenSSH: History of SSH (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• lifetime parameter (gated): The routerdiscovery Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• light debugging, compile-time configuration: Debug output (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• lights on interfaces: Link lights (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (see LDAP)
• limit directive: limit transfers-in (DNS and Bind)
• • limit datasize: Changing the data segment size limit (DNS and Bind)
  • • limit datasize (DNS and Bind)
  • limit stacksize: Changing the stack size limit (DNS and Bind)
  • limit transfers-in: Limiting the total number of zone transfers requested (DNS and Bind)
  • • limit transfers-in (DNS and Bind)
  • limit transfers-per-ns: Limiting transfers requested per name server (DNS and Bind)
  • • limit transfers-in (DNS and Bind)
    • limit transfers-per-ns (DNS and Bind)
• limited broadcast addresses: How DHCP works (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• limited use protocols: Protocol Standards (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• limiting
• • access: Advanced configuration (Essential SNMP)
  • • (see also access)
    • to agents: Advanced configuration (Essential SNMP)
    • to the MIB tree: Advanced configuration (Essential SNMP)
    • to NMSs: Creating a configuration by hand (Essential SNMP)
  • alarms in SNMPc: Castle Rock's SNMPc (Essential SNMP)
  • types of traps sent (Cisco): Advanced configuration (Essential SNMP)
• line mode (tcpdump): Using tcpdump (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Line Printer (LP), configuring: Line Printer Service (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• line printer spooling, Kerberos V5: Kerberos V5 (Managing NFS and NIS)
• Linelimit field (sendmail): Defining Mailers (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lines, maximum speed of: Using Input and Output Octets (Essential SNMP)
• Link Control Protocol (LCP): The Serial Protocols (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• link-level traffic
• • addresses for hosts: Problems with ping (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • fixing performance: Bottleneck analysis (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • header information: Controlling what's displayed (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • links as bottlenecks: Bottleneck analysis (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • RMON and: RMON (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• link lights: Link lights (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• link operations, RPC procedures, NFS: NFS RPC procedures (Managing NFS and NIS)
• Link-State Advertisement (LSA): Open Shortest Path First (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• link-state database (OSPF): Open Shortest Path First (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• link-state protocols: Open Shortest Path First (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• linkDown notification or trap (SNMPv2): SNMP Traps (Essential SNMP)
• • SNMP Notification (Essential SNMP)
  • Understanding Traps (Essential SNMP)
  • disconnecting ports and: Forcing Your Hardware to Generate Traps (Essential SNMP)
  • Event Categories and: Forcing Your Hardware to Generate Traps (Essential SNMP)
  • objects in: Sending Traps with Net-SNMP (Essential SNMP)
  • responses to: Receiving Traps (Essential SNMP)
• linkname option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• linkUp notification or trap (SNMPv2): SNMP Traps (Essential SNMP)
• Linux (see also Unix)
• • syslog Linux example (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • bastion host: Unix and Linux Bastion Hosts (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • BIND 8/9, compiling and installing on: Compiling and Installing BIND on Linux (DNS and Bind)
  • broadcast addresses, setting: Setting the Broadcast Address (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • commands
  • • depmod: Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • dmesg: The Interface Name (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • insmod: Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • lsmod: Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • modprob: Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • rmmod: Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • configuration programs: Configuration Programs (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • configuring resolvers for: Linux (DNS and Bind)
  • Debian Linux: Startup Files and Scripts (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • • FreeBSD Ports (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • domain names: The /etc/exports file (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • Ethernet promiscuous mode, enabling and disabling: Promiscuous mode (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • filesystem type, specifying: The mount command (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • fstab files: The vfstab and fstab files (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • ifcfg-eth0 file: Assigning a Subnet Mask (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • interface configuration files: Assigning an Address (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • Internet services on: How Are Services Managed Under Unix? (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • • Which Services Should You Leave Enabled? (Building Internet Firewalls)
    • disabling: Disabling Services Under Unix (Building Internet Firewalls)
    • • Specific Unix Services to Disable (Building Internet Firewalls)
    • installing and modifying: Installing and Modifying Services (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • ipchains: Linux ipchains and Masquerading (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • • compared to ipfilter: Comparing ipfilter and ipchains (Building Internet Firewalls)
    • using: Using ipchains (including masquerading) (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • ipfilter: ipfilter (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • • example: Conventions for Packet Filtering Rules (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • kernel configuration: Kernel Configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • • Linux Kernel Configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • Ethernet: Linux Kernel Configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • help: Linux Kernel Configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
    • options: Linux Kernel Configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • loadable modules: Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • machine
  • • configuring: Reconfiguring for Production (Building Internet Firewalls)
    • securing: Securing Unix (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • masquerading: Masquerading (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • minicom: Troubleshooting Serial Connections (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • mount options: The vfstab and fstab files (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • named.conf file, caching-only servers: caching-only server configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • NET SNMP: NET SNMP (UCD SNMP) (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • netfilter: Linux netfilter (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • netstat -in command output: The Interface Name (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • network interfaces, checking status: Checking the Interface with ifconfig (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • network management tools: Discovery and Mapping Tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • NFS, exports file: The /etc/exports file (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • NIS domains: Network Information Service (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • NIS server, initializing: Network Information Service (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • packages: Red Hat Package Manager (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • point-to-point connections, defining: Point-to-point (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • printcap configuration tool: The printcap file (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • rc.local script: Understanding /etc/inittab (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • rc.sysinit script: Understanding /etc/inittab (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • recompiling kernel: Kernel (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • routing cache, examining: The Routing Table (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • routing metric, changing: Metric (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • routing tables: The Routing Table (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • • adding routes: Adding Static Routes (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • runlevels: Startup Runlevels (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • sendmail startup script: Running sendmail as a Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • serial ports, troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Serial Connections (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • smb.config file, location: Configuring a Samba Server (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • startup and shutdown scripts: Startup Files and Scripts (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • snmptrap hooks in programs: Using Hooks with Your Programs (Essential SNMP)
  • static routing, adding to startup scripts: Installing static routes at startup (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • syslog example: syslog Linux example (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • SystemEDGE: SNMP Agents (Essential SNMP)
  • • Concord SystemEDGE Agent for Unix and NT (Essential SNMP)
  • traffic results with netstat: Traffic Measurements with netstat (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Linux Documentation Project: The Linux Documentation Project (Building Internet Firewalls)
• Linux Router Project: The Linux Router Project (Building Internet Firewalls)
• linuxconf command (Linux): Configuration Programs (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• listen-on option (named): The options Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• listen-on substatement: Configuring the IPv4 Transport (DNS and Bind)
• listen-on-v6 substatement: Configuring the IPv6 Transport (DNS and Bind)
• Listen option (multi-homed servers): Multi-Homed Server Options (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• ListenAddress: Port number and network interface (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• • recommended setting: /etc/sshd_config (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• "listening" on an interface: an interface (SSH, The Secure Shell) 9.2.4.3. Listening on ("binding")
• listening port numbers: The Listening Port Number (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• listening side, SSH sessions: Local versus remote forwarding: the distinction (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• listing
• • all devices on paths: Complications with traceroute (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • domain machines: nslookup and dig (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • filesystems: Disk-Space Checker (Essential SNMP)
  • interfaces: Retrieving Multiple MIB Values (Essential SNMP)
  • • Interactive mode (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • managed objects: The Structure of Management Information and MIBS (Essential SNMP)
  • name servers: nslookup and dig (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • open files on systems: lsof (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • packages: Solaris Packages (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • port numbers: Port Monitor (Essential SNMP)
  • ranked processes: top (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • routing tables: netstat (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • running processes: ps (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • search directories for MIB files: Common Command-Line Arguments (Essential SNMP)
  • trap types: Cisco Devices (Essential SNMP)
  • • Traps (Essential SNMP)
    • Forcing Your Hardware to Generate Traps (Essential SNMP)
• lists of software tools: Generic Sources (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Livingston routers: Conventions for Packet Filtering Rules (Building Internet Firewalls)
• LMRepl service: Windows Directory Replication (Building Internet Firewalls)
• lo0 (loopback interface, Unix): Access control and the loopback address (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• load averages, graphing: MRTG (Essential SNMP)
• load category: BIND 8 categories (DNS and Bind)
• load distribution (see round robin load distribution)
• load generators: Load Generators (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • hardware generators: MGEN (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • MGEN tools: MGEN (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • Microsoft Windows: Microsoft Windows (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • ping tools: Options (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • spray tool: spray (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• load printers parameter (smb.config file): Configuring a Samba Server (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• loaded message: Common Syslog Messages (DNS and Bind)
• loadhosts utility (NNM): The netmon Process (Essential SNMP)
• loading MIBs: Configuration and options (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • SNMP traps (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• LoadModule directive (httpd.conf file): Loading Dynamic Shared Objects (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOC records: Location (DNS and Bind)
• local addresses, looking up
• • with nslookup: Look up a local address (DNS and Bind)
  • troubleshooting problems with: Local Name Can't Be Looked Up (DNS and Bind)
• local area networks (see LANs)
• • Interpreting results (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• local computer, securing: The SSH Agent (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• local domain name: The Local Domain Name (DNS and Bind)
• local files
• • appended: Working with the maps (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • map integration: Integrating NIS maps with local files (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • NIS: Installing the NIS master server (Managing NFS and NIS)
• local forwarding: Local Forwarding (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• • Local versus remote forwarding: the distinction (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • IMAP server, connection path to: Local Forwarding (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• local hosts in ntop results: Interactive mode (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Local Information (generic-linux.cf section): General sendmail.cf Structure (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• Local Internet Registry (organizational type): Obtaining an official network address (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOCAL keyword (security): tcpd access control files (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• local mailer: Defining Mailers (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• local name server: Local Name Server (DNS and Bind)
• • Switching Name Servers (DNS and Bind)
• local names, looking up
• • with nslookup: Look up a local domain name (DNS and Bind)
  • troubleshooting problems with: Local Name Can't Be Looked Up (DNS and Bind)
• local network interface: Local network interface (Managing NFS and NIS)
• local newsgroups: Usenet News (Building Internet Firewalls)
• local option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• local password files: Working with the maps (Managing NFS and NIS)
• Local Registration Files (LRF): The netmon Process (Essential SNMP)
• local traffic: Web mode (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • Web mode (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• localas parameter
• • gated bgp statement: The bgp Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • gated egp statement: The egp Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOCAL_CONFIG macro (sendmail): sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOCALDOMAIN environment variable: The Resolver Configuration File (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOCALDOMAIN environment variable, setting local domain name with: The Local Domain Name (DNS and Bind)
• LOCAL_DOMAIN macro (sendmail): sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LocalForward: Local Forwarding (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• • multiple connections: Trouble with Multiple Connections (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• localhost, converting from loopback address: The named.local File (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• localhost file: Configuring named (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• localhost (named address match list): Address Match Lists and ACLs (DNS and Bind)
• local_IP_address:remote_IP_address option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• localities, domains named after: Back in the U.S.A. (DNS and Bind)
• LOCAL_NET_CONFIG macro (sendmail): sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• localnets (named address match list): Address Match Lists and ACLs (DNS and Bind)
• LOCAL_RULE_n macro (sendmail): sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOCAL_RULESETS macro (sendmail): sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOCAL_USER
• • m4 sendmail macro: sendmail Macros (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • sendmail macro: DOMAIN (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• Location directive (httpd.conf file): Defining Where Things Are Stored (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• location, record for: Location (DNS and Bind)
• lock daemon: Lock and status daemons (Managing NFS and NIS)
• lock option (pppd command): PPP Daemon Security (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• • The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lockd: File Locking with NFS (Building Internet Firewalls)
• • NFS Daemons (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • Setting up NFS (Managing NFS and NIS)
• lockfiles: Disk-Space Checker (Essential SNMP)
• • Disk-Space Checker (Essential SNMP)
• locking files: File locking (Managing NFS and NIS)
• • advisory locking: Mandatory versus advisory locking (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • mandatory locking: Mandatory versus advisory locking (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • • NFS: Mandatory locking and NFS (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • NFS: NFS and file locking (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • • File Locking with NFS (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • NLM protocol: The NLM protocol (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • NLM, recovery: NLM recovery (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • overview: What is file locking? (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • re-establishing locks: Recreating state information (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • troubleshooting: Troubleshooting locking problems (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • unenforced locking: Mandatory versus advisory locking (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • Windows: NFS and Windows lock semantics (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • Windows/NT: Windows/NT locking scheme (Managing NFS and NIS)
• log file parameter (smb.config file): Configuring a Samba Server (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• log files: Dynamic Update and Zone Data Files (DNS and Bind)
• • NFS server logging mechanics (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • Apache, conditional logging: Using conditional logging (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • Apache directives: Defining the log file format (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • incremental zone transfers and: IXFR Files (DNS and Bind)
  • monitoring: Know Your System (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • sendmail: The sendmail Command (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • share command: The share command (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • xinetd: Controlling Access with xinetd (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• log files and logging
• • connection logging: Other Approaches to Logging (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • drec tool: MGEN (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • host traffic: Host-Monitoring Tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • information in log files: Log files (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • managing and tracking files: Log File Management (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • Microsoft Windows: Microsoft Windows (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • mrtg files: mrtg configuration file (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • netmon tool: Microsoft Windows (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • NTP events: NTP (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • other approaches to logging: Other Approaches to Logging (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • remote logging files: Remote logging (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • saving data to SQL databases: Web mode (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • saving screen display to files: Automating Documentation (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • syslog files: syslog (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • tcpwrappers tool: tcpwrappers (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • telnet sessions: Automating Documentation (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • tracking troubleshooting steps: Communications Tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • using files in troubleshooting: Log Files and Auditing (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• log option (share command): The share command (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• log record fields: NFS server logging (Managing NFS and NIS)
• logcheck management tool: Log File Management (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • Sources for Tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• logfd option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• logfile option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LogFormat directive (Apache): Defining the log file format (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• logger command (syslog): syslog (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• logging: Logging and Debugging (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• • compile-time configuration: Debug output (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • core dump files: Throw Core (Essential SNMP)
  • MRTG log files: Using MRTG (Essential SNMP)
  • • Viewing Graphs (Essential SNMP)
  • Net-SNMP log files: Net-SNMP (Formerly UCD-SNMP) (Essential SNMP)
  • OpenView
  • • events: HP OpenView (Essential SNMP)
    • • Setting event categories (Essential SNMP)
      • Log messages, notifications, and automatic actions (Essential SNMP)
    • traps: HP OpenView (Essential SNMP)
    • • Log messages, notifications, and automatic actions (Essential SNMP)
    • variables: Log messages, notifications, and automatic actions (Essential SNMP)
  • RMON
  • • alarms: Remote Monitoring (RMON) (Essential SNMP)
    • events: Remote Monitoring (RMON) (Essential SNMP)
    • • Remote Monitoring (RMON) (Essential SNMP)
      • RMON configuration (Essential SNMP)
  • server: History, Logging, and Debugging (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • • OpenSSH: Logging and OpenSSH (SSH, The Secure Shell)
    • SSH1: Logging and SSH1 (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• logging changes (see change logs)
• logging messages (BIND 8/9): Logging in BIND 8 and 9 (DNS and Bind)
• • importance of experimenting with: Logging in BIND 8 and 9 (DNS and Bind)
• logging on
• • login banners: Device Identification (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • remotely: Communications Tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• logging queries: Logging Queries (DNS and Bind)
• logging statement: Logging in BIND 8 and 9 (DNS and Bind)
• logging statement (named command): The logging Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• loghost (Solaris hostname): The Host Table (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• logical and operator (&&): Compound filters. (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• logical network: Network partitioning hardware (Managing NFS and NIS)
• logical not operator (!): Compound filters. (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• logical operators in filters: Filtering (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• • Packet characteristics. (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• logical or operator (||): Compound filters. (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• logical symbols
• • AND (&&): Filters (Essential SNMP)
  • NOT (!): Filters (Essential SNMP)
  • OR (||): Filters (Essential SNMP)
• login activity, security considerations: Checking login activity (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• login banners: Device Identification (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• login option (pppd): The PPP Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• login programs, compile-time configuration: User logins and shells (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• login restrictions: User-oriented network security (Managing NFS and NIS)
• login routines: User Logins and Accounts (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• login scripts, PPP servers, configuring: PPP Server Configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LoginGraceTime: Failed logins (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• logins
• • account and password expiration warnings: Expired Account or Password (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • forbidding: Forbidding logins (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • "message of the day": Welcome Messages for the User (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • remote: Remote Terminal Access and Command Execution (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • • Remote Terminal Sessions with ssh (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • restricting to root: /etc/nologin (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • selecting a program: Selecting a Login Program (SSH, The Secure Shell)
  • successful, from unexpected site: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • username syntax: Remote Terminal Sessions with ssh (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• logins, recording: Who's Logging into My Machine? (I-Am-in) (Essential SNMP)
• LogLevel: Logging and OpenSSH (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• • Logging and Debugging (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• LOGONLY mode, default for traps: Creating Events Within OpenView (Essential SNMP)
• LOGOUT command (IMAP): Internet Message Access Protocol (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• logs: Where will logs go, and how? (Building Internet Firewalls)
• • Safeguard the System Logs (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • syslog (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • Keeping Activity Logs (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • of accepted/dropped packets: It Should Be Able to Log Accepted and Dropped Packets (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • backups and: Do Secure Backups (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • basic format: Basic versus extended log format (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • creating with SOCKS: Versions of SOCKS (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • cycling: NFS log cycling (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • enabling logging, share command: NFS server logging mechanics (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • extended format: Basic versus extended log format (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • filehandle, path mapping and: Filehandle to path mapping (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • memory required for: Managing Your Disk Space (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • • What Should You Watch For? (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • network address translation: Dynamic allocation of addresses interferes with logging (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • NFS server logging
  • • configuration: NFS server logging configuration (Managing NFS and NIS)
    • enabling: Enabling NFS server logging (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • nfslogd daemon: The nfslogd daemon (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • NIS: The ypserv daemon (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • proxy services: Proxy services can be good at logging (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • of router actions: Logging Actions (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • server logging, disabling: Disabling NFS server logging (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • servers: NFS server logging mechanics (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • setting up
  • • on Unix: Setting Up System Logs on Unix (Building Internet Firewalls)
    • on Windows: Setting Up System Logs Under Windows (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • trimlog program for: trimlog (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • unexpectedly deleted or modified: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • what to watch for: What Should You Watch For? (Building Internet Firewalls)
• logupdown parameter (gated): The bgp Statement (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• Looked for PTR, Found CNAME message: Resolver Reports "Looked for PTR, Found CNAME" (DNS and Bind)
• looking glass sites: Complications with traceroute (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• lookup operations
• • filehandles and: Pathnames and filehandles (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • RPC procedures, NFS and: NFS RPC procedures (Managing NFS and NIS)
• lookups
• • CNAME records and: Looking Up CNAMEs (DNS and Bind)
  • troubleshooting: Lookups Take a Long Time (DNS and Bind)
  • client: The ypserv daemon (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • DNS: Packet Filtering Characteristics of DNS (Building Internet Firewalls)
  • • Mismatched data between the hostname and IP address DNS trees (Building Internet Firewalls)
• loopback addresses: Access control and the loopback address (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• • The Loopback Address (DNS and Bind)
  • The nameserver Directive (DNS and Bind)
  • The IP Address (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • netstat (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • converting to localhost: The named.local File (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • localhost: The Host Table (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • multiple nameserver directives and: The nameserver Directive (DNS and Bind)
  • named.conf file: caching-only server configuration (TCP/IP Network Administration)
  • routing tables: The Minimal Routing Table (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LOOPBACK flag, ifconfig: Examining interfaces (Managing NFS and NIS)
• loopback interface: Frames and network interfaces (Managing NFS and NIS)
• • Frames and network interfaces (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • IPv6: IP Version 6 loopback address (Managing NFS and NIS)
  • network numbers and: IPv4 address classes (Managing NFS and NIS)
• loopback interface (Solaris), configuring: The Interface Name (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• loopback interfaces: Retrieving Multiple MIB Values (Essential SNMP)
• • Using ping (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• loopback network: The Loopback Address (DNS and Bind)
• loopback route: The Routing Table (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• loose source routing: Complications with traceroute (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• loss, testing: iperf (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• lost datagrams: SNMP and UDP (Essential SNMP)
• lost packets
• • bing results: bing (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • packet capture results: Capturing Data (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • ping and: Interpreting results (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • spray tool calculations: spray (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • traceroute indicators: Path Discovery with traceroute (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• Lotus Notes: Lotus Notes and Domino (Building Internet Firewalls)
• low-bandwidth networks, partitioning: Network infrastructure (Managing NFS and NIS)
• lp files: Line Printer Service (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lpadmin command: Line Printer Service (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lpd: Line Printer Daemon (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• • printcap file: The printcap file (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lp/lpr printing systems: lpr and lp (Building Internet Firewalls)
• lpq command: Using LPD (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lpr command: Print Services (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• • Using LPD (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lprm command: Using LPD (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lpsystem command: Line Printer Service (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lp/Systems file: Line Printer Service (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• LRF (Local Registration Files): The netmon Process (Essential SNMP)
• LSA (Link-State Advertisement): Open Shortest Path First (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lseek( ): Map files (Managing NFS and NIS)
• lserver command (nslookup): Switching Name Servers (DNS and Bind)
• lsh: Table of Products (SSH, The Secure Shell)
• lsmod command (Linux): Using Dynamically Loadable Modules (TCP/IP Network Administration)
• lsof open file tool
• • ntop tool and: ntop (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • packet sniffer detection: Protecting Yourself (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • source website: Sources for Tools (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
  • uses: lsof (Network Troubleshooting Tools)
• L2TP (Layer 2 Transport Protocol): Layer 2 Transport Protocol (L2TP) (Building Internet Firewalls)

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